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arXiv:2308.03918 · SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization

Quadratic-Exponential Coherent Feedback Control of Linear Quantum Stochastic Systems

Igor G. Vladimirov, Ian R. Petersen

Published Jan 24, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

Abstract. This paper considers a risk-sensitive optimal control problem for a field-mediated interconnection of a quantum plant with a coherent (measurement-free) quantum controller. The plant and the controller are multimode open quantum harmonic oscillators governed by linear quantum stochastic differential equations, which are coupled to each other and driven by multichannel quantum Wiener processes modeling the external bosonic fields. The control objective is to internally stabilize the closed-loop system and minimize the infinite-horizon asymptotic growth rate of a quadratic-exponential functional which penalizes the plant variables and the controller output. We obtain first-order necessary conditions of optimality for this problem by computing the partial Fréchet derivatives of the cost functional with respect to the energy and coupling matrices of the controller in the frequency domain and state space. An infinitesimal equivalence between the risk-sensitive and weighted coherent quantum LQG control problems is also established. In addition to variational methods, we employ spectral factorizations and infinite cascades of auxiliary classical systems. Their truncations are applicable to numerical optimization algorithms (such as the gradient descent) for coherent quantum risk-sensitive feedback synthesis.

DOI
10.1137/23m1593371

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Abstract. This paper considers a risk-sensitive optimal control problem for a field-mediated interconnection of a quantum plant with a coherent (measurement-free) quantum controller. The plant and the controller are multimode open quantum harmonic oscillators governed by linear quantum stochastic differential equations, which are coupled to each other and driven by multichannel quantum Wiener processes modeling the external bosonic fields. The control objective is to internally stabilize the closed-loop system and minimize the infinite-horizon asymptotic growth rate of a quadratic-exponential functional which penalizes the plant variables and the controller output. We obtain first-order necessary conditions of optimality for this problem by computing the partial Fréchet derivatives of the cost functional with respect to the energy and coupling matrices of the controller in the frequency domain and state space. An infinitesimal equivalence between the risk-sensitive and weighted coherent quantum LQG control problems is also established. In addition to variational methods, we employ spectral factorizations and infinite cascades of auxiliary classical systems. Their truncations are applicable to numerical optimization algorithms (such as the gradient descent) for coherent quantum risk-sensitive feedback synthesis.
This paper is concerned with a risk-sensitive optimal control problem for a feedback connection of a quantum plant with a measurement-based classical controller. The plant is a multimode open quantum harmonic oscillator driven by a multichannel quantum Wiener process, and the controller is a linear time invariant system governed by a stochastic differential equation. The control objective is to stabilize the closed-loop system and minimize the infinite-horizon asymptotic growth rate of a quadratic-exponential functional (QEF) which penalizes the plant variables and the controller output. We combine a frequency-domain representation of the QEF growth rate, obtained recently, with variational techniques and establish first-order necessary conditions of optimality for the state-space matrices of the controller.
This paper is concerned with linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) control for a field-mediated feedback connection of a plant and a coherent (measurement-free) controller. The plant and controller are multimode open quantum harmonic oscillators governed by linear quantum stochastic differential equations. The control objective is to make the closed-loop system internally stable and to minimize the infinite-horizon quadratic cost for the plant variables and the controller output subject to quantum physical realizability (PR) constraints. This coherent quantum LQG (CQLQG) control problem, which has been of active research interest for over ten years, does not admit a solution in the form of separation principle and independent Riccati equations known for its classical counterpart. We apply variational techniques to a family of discounted CQLQG control problems parameterized by an effective time horizon. This yields a homotopy algorithm, which is initialized with a PR (but not necessarily stabilizing) controller and aims at a locally optimal stabilizing controller for the original problem in the limit.
This paper is concerned with the coherent quantum linear-quadratic-Gaussian control problem of minimising an infinite-horizon mean square cost for a measurement-free field-mediated interconnection of a quantum plant with a stabilising quantum controller. The plant and the controller are multimode open quantum harmonic oscillators, governed by linear quantum stochastic differential equations and coupled to each other and the external multichannel bosonic fields in the vacuum state. We discuss an interplay between the quantum physical realizability conditions and the Luenberger structure associated with the classical separation principle. This leads to a quadratic constraint on the controller gain matrices, which is formulated in the framework of a swapping transformation for the conjugate positions and momenta in the canonical representation of the controller variables. For the class of coherent quantum controllers with the Luenberger dynamics, we obtain first-order necessary conditions of optimality in the form of algebraic equations, involving a matrix-valued Lagrange multiplier.
This paper is concerned with the Coherent Quantum Linear Quadratic Gaussian (CQLQG) control problem of finding a stabilizing measurement-free quantum controller for a quantum plant so as to minimize an infinite-horizon mean square performance index for the fully quantum closed-loop system. In comparison with the observation-actuation structure of classical controllers, the coherent quantum feedback is less invasive to the quantum dynamics and quantum information. Both the plant and the controller are open quantum systems whose dynamic variables satisfy the canonical commutation relations (CCRs) of a quantum harmonic oscillator and are governed by linear quantum stochastic differential equations (QSDEs). In order to correspond to such oscillators, these QSDEs must satisfy physical realizability (PR) conditions, which are organised as quadratic constraints on the controller matrices and reflect the preservation of CCRs in time. The CQLQG problem is a constrained optimization problem for the steady-state quantum covariance matrix of the plant-controller system satisfying an algebraic Lyapunov equation. We propose a gradient descent algorithm equipped with adaptive stepsize selection for the numerical solution of the problem. The algorithm finds a local minimum of the LQG cost over the parameters of the Hamiltonian and coupling operators of a stabilizing PR quantum controller, thus taking the PR constraints into account. A convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm is presented.
The paper is concerned with the coherent quantum Linear Quadratic Gaussian (CQLQG) control problem for time-varying quantum plants governed by linear quantum stochastic differential equations over a bounded time interval. A controller is sought among quantum linear systems satisfying physical realizability (PR) conditions. The latter describe the dynamic equivalence of the system to an open quantum harmonic oscillator and relate its state-space matrices to the free Hamiltonian, coupling and scattering operators of the oscillator. Using the Hamiltonian parameterization of PR controllers, the CQLQG problem is recast into an optimal control problem for a deterministic system governed by a differential Lyapunov equation. The state of this subsidiary system is the symmetric part of the quantum covariance matrix of the plant-controller state vector. The resulting covariance control problem is treated using dynamic programming and Pontryagin's minimum principle. The associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation for the minimum cost function involves Frechet differentiation with respect to matrix-valued variables. The gain matrices of the CQLQG optimal controller are shown to satisfy a quasi-separation property as a weaker quantum counterpart of the filtering/control decomposition of classical LQG controllers.
This paper is concerned with application of the classical Youla-Kučera parameterization to finding a set of linear coherent quantum controllers that stabilize a linear quantum plant. The plant and controller are assumed to represent open quantum harmonic oscillators modelled by linear quantum stochastic differential equations. The interconnections between the plant and the controller are assumed to be established through quantum bosonic fields. In this framework, conditions for the stabilization of a given linear quantum plant via linear coherent quantum feedback are addressed using a stable factorization approach. The class of stabilizing quantum controllers is parameterized in the frequency domain. Also, this approach is used in order to formulate coherent quantum weighted H2and H∞control problems for linear quantum systems in the frequency domain. Finally, a projected gradient descent scheme is proposed to solve the coherent quantum weighted H2control problem.