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arXiv:2308.02108 · Optics Express

Optimal lattice depth on lifetime of D-band ultracold atoms in a triangular optical lattice

Hongmian Shui, Chi-Kin Lai, Zhongcheng Yu, Jinyuan Tian, Chengyang Wu, Xuzong Chen, Xiaoji Zhou

Published Jul 18, 2023• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are a flexible and effective platform for quantum precision measurement, and the lifetime of high-band atoms is an essential parameter for the performance of quantum sensors. In this work, we investigate the relationship between the lattice depth and the lifetime of D-band atoms in a triangular optical lattice and show that there is an optimal lattice depth for the maximum lifetime. After loading the Bose-Einstein condensate into D band of optical lattice by shortcut method, we observe the atomic distribution in quasi-momentum space for the different evolution time, and measure the atomic lifetime at D band with different lattice depths. The lifetime is maximized at an optimal lattice depth, where the overlaps between the wave function of D band and other bands (mainly S band) are minimized. Additionally, we discuss the influence of atomic temperature on lifetime. These experimental results are in agreement with our numerical simulations. This work paves the way to improve coherence properties of optical lattices, and contributes to the implications for the development of quantum precision measurement, quantum communication, and quantum computing.

DOI
10.1364/oe.489823

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Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are a flexible and effective platform for quantum precision measurement, and the lifetime of high-band atoms is an essential parameter for the performance of quantum sensors. In this work, we investigate the relationship between the lattice depth and the lifetime of D-band atoms in a triangular optical lattice and show that there is an optimal lattice depth for the maximum lifetime. After loading the Bose-Einstein condensate into D band of optical lattice by shortcut method, we observe the atomic distribution in quasi-momentum space for the different evolution time, and measure the atomic lifetime at D band with different lattice depths. The lifetime is maximized at an optimal lattice depth, where the overlaps between the wave function of D band and other bands (mainly S band) are minimized. Additionally, we discuss the influence of atomic temperature on lifetime. These experimental results are in agreement with our numerical simulations. This work paves the way to improve coherence properties of optical lattices, and contributes to the implications for the development of quantum precision measurement, quantum communication, and quantum computing.
We report the long-time nonlinear dynamical evolution of ultracold atomic gases in the P-band of an optical lattice. A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is fast and efficiently loaded into the Pband at zero quasi-momentum with a non-adiabatic shortcut method. For the first one and half milliseconds, these momentum states undergo oscillations due to coherent superposition of different bands, which are followed by oscillations up to 60ms of a much longer period. Our analysis shows the dephasing from the nonlinear interaction is very conducive to the long-period oscillations induced by the variable force due to the harmonic confinement.
The excited bands in optical lattices manifest an important tool for studying quantum simulation and many-body physics, making it crucial to measure high-band scattering dynamics under strong interactions. This work investigates both experimentally and theoretically the collisional scattering of Li 2 6 molecular Bose-Einstein condensate in the D band of a one-dimensional optical lattice, with interaction strength directly tunable via magnetic Feshbach resonance. We find a clear dependence of the D -band lifetimes on the interaction strength within the strongly interacting regime, which arises from the fact that the scattering cross section is proportional to the square of the scattering length. The maximum lifetime versus lattice depth is measured to reveal the effects of interactions. We also investigate the scattering channels of D -band molecules under different interaction levels and develop a reliable two-body scattering rate equation. This work provides insight into the interplay between interaction and the collisional scattering of high-band bosons in optical lattices, paving the way for research into strong correlation effects in high-band lattice systems.
We report the long-time nonlinear dynamical evolution of ultracold atomic gases in the PPP band of an optical lattice. A Bose-Einstein condensate is fast and efficiently loaded into the PPP band at zero quasimomentum with a nonadiabatic shortcut method. For the first 1.5 ms, this momentum state undergoes oscillations due to coherent superposition of different bands, which are followed by oscillations up to 60 ms of a much longer period. Our analysis shows the dephasing from the nonlinear interaction is very conducive to the long-period oscillations induced by the variable force due to the harmonic confinement.
The mechanism of atomic collisions in excited bands plays an important role in both the atomic dynamics in high bands of optical lattices and the simulation of condensed matter physics. Atoms distributed in an excited band of an optical lattice can collide and decay to other bands through different scattering channels. In the excited bands of a one-dimensional lattice there is no significant difference between the cross sections to different scattering channels, due to the sameness of all of the geometrical couplings. Here, we investigate the collisional scattering channels for atoms in the excited bands of a triangular optical lattice and demonstrate a dominant scattering channel in the experiment. A shortcut method is utilized to load Bose-Einstein condensate of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms into the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ point of the first DDD band with zero quasimomentum in the triangular optical lattice. After some evolution time, the number of atoms scattering into the SSS band induced by two-body collisions is around four times the number that scatter into the second most populated band. Our numerical calculation shows that the ssssss scattering channel is dominant, which is roughly consistent with the experimental measurement. The appearance of dominant scattering channels in a triangular optical lattice is owing to nonorthogonal lattice vectors. This work is helpful for the research on many-body systems and directional enhancement in optical lattices.
The effective lifetime of ultra-cold atoms in specific quantum states plays a crucial role in studying interaction parameters within quantum systems. Measuring the effective lifetime of various quantum states within ultra-cold atoms is a fundamental task in quantum operations. In this paper, the effective lifetimes of the excited electronic states F=2,mF=−2, F=2,mF=−1, and F=2,mF=0 for a sodium atomic Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) are investigated in both the optical dipole trap (ODT) and one-dimensional optical lattice. Through the analysis of experimental data, we demonstrate the significant advantage of lattice loading over the optical dipole trap in terms of atomic lifetimes. The results provide crucial insights into the temporal scales relevant for investigating the evolution of boson gases in optical lattices, facilitating the realization of quantum simulations pertaining to unique quantum phases, and providing an important experimental basis for the research of non-equilibrium dynamics between different spin states.
We report on the realization of a multiorbital system with ultracold atoms in the excited bands of a 3D optical lattice by selectively controlling the band population along a given lattice direction. The lifetime of the atoms in the excited band is found to be considerably longer (10-100 times) than the characteristic time scale for intersite tunneling, thus opening the path for orbital selective many-body physics with ultracold atoms. Upon exciting the atoms from an initial lowest band Mott-insulating state to higher lying bands, we observe the dynamical emergence of coherence in 1D (and 2D), compatible with Bose-Einstein condensation to a nonzero momentum state.