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arXiv:2307.03916

Phased Geometric Controls of V-Shaped Three-Level System for Zero-field Quantum Sensing

Zhijie Li, Xiangyu Ye, Xi Kong, Tianyu Xie, Zhiping Yang, Pengju Zhao, Ya Wang, Fazhan Shi, Jiangfeng Du

Published Jul 8, 2023• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Here we propose and demonstrate a phased geometric control protocol for zero-field double quantum gates in a V-shaped three-level spin system. This method utilizes linearly polarized microwave pulses and exploits the geometric qubit properties to prevent state leakage. By employing specific phased geometric controls, we realize a low-power multi-pulse zero-field sensing technique using single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Our method offers a novel approach to implement precise double quantum gate operations with an adaptable driving power, making it a valuable tool for zero-field spin-based quantum technology.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2307.03916

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Here we propose and demonstrate a phased geometric control protocol for zero-field double quantum gates in a V-shaped three-level spin system. This method utilizes linearly polarized microwave pulses and exploits the geometric qubit properties to prevent state leakage. By employing specific phased geometric controls, we realize a low-power multi-pulse zero-field sensing technique using single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Our method offers a novel approach to implement precise double quantum gate operations with an adaptable driving power, making it a valuable tool for zero-field spin-based quantum technology.
The presence of an external magnetic field leads to the loss of anisotropic physical information and is responsible for the broadening of spectra in sensing experiments with solid-state quantum sensors. However, the range of applicable sensing protocols at zero field was limited due to the incomplete manipulations. Here we propose and demonstrate a precise geometric control protocol in a spin-1 quantum sensor for zero-field multiquantum gates. By employing specific phased geometric controls, state leakage is prevented at zero field even under low control power, which allows much more complicated multipulse control especially under living biological conditions. Our method offers an approach to implement an arbitrary multiquantum gate on the spin-1 quantum sensor, rendering it a valuable tool for zero-field multipulse quantum technologies, such as nanoscale zero-field multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance.
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The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond has established itself as a promising quantum sensing platform with applications in nuclear magnetic resonance at the nanoscale. Still, control protocols are not yet optimized to work in all imaginable regimes. We present the NV-ERC technique, which has demonstrated efficient initialization and readout of the double quantum transition with no leakage to any third level thanks to an effective Raman coupling. The protocol is especially useful in the low-field regime and for high-frequency sensing applications. Based on this insight, we propose a scheme to perform fast single qubit gates in the double quantum transition. We study its robustness with respect to pulse-timing errors resulting from faulty identification of system parameters or phase-control limitations. We demonstrate that the technique can also be implemented in the presence of unknown electric or strain fields.
Abstract We present a scheme for the implementation of fast arbitrary qubit gates in the ground state of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond. The protocol is especially useful for sensing in two regimes: on the one hand, in the low-field limit where the Zeeman splitting of the NV-center is smaller than the MW Rabi frequency; on the other hand, for the detection of high-frequency signals, comparable to the Zeeman splitting of the NV center. It constitutes an extension to the NV-ERC technique, which has demonstrated efficient initialization and readout of the double quantum transition with no leakage to any third level thanks to an effective Raman coupling. Here we derive a full theoretical framework of the scheme, identifying the complete unitary associated to the approach, and more specifically the relevant basis transformation for each of two characteristic pulse durations. Based on this insight, we propose a scheme to perform fast single qubit gates in the double quantum transition. We study its robustness with respect to pulse-timing errors resulting from faulty identification of system parameters or phase-control limitations. We finally demonstrate that the technique can also be implemented in the presence of unknown electric or strain fields and numerically test its effectiveness in a Hahn echo sequence in the high-frequency or low-field regime.
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin in diamond can be used to realize quantum computation and to sense magnetic fields. Its spin triplet consists of three levels labeled with its spin zzz-components of +1, 0, and \ensuremath{-}1. Without external field, the +1 and \ensuremath{-}1 states are degenerate and higher than the 0 state due to the zero-field splitting. By taking the symmetrical and antisymmetrical superpositions of the +1 and \ensuremath{-}1 states as our qubit basis, we obtain the exact evolution operator of the NV center spin under time-dependent magnetic field by mapping the three-level system on time-dependent quantum two-level systems with exact analytical solutions. With our exact evolution operator of the NV center spin including three levels, we show that arbitrary qubits can be prepared from the starting 0 state, and arbitrary rapid quantum logic gates of these qubits can be realized with magnetic fields. In addition, it is made clear that the typical quantum logic gates can be accomplished within a few nanoseconds and the fidelity can be very high because only magnetic field strength needs to be controlled in this approach. These results should be useful to realizing quantum computing with the NV center spin systems in diamond and exploring other effects and applications.
As a demand from developing nanotechnology and quantum information technology based on mesoscopic material, quantum sensors with better spatial resolution and sensitivity are required. \n \nHowever, few material meets the requirements of nanoscale sensors including stability and small size. Single spin of Nitrogen-Vacancy(NV) centers in diamond crystal is one kind of the ideal quantum sensors for magnetometry that has been investigated in recent years. It provides a potential way to study the dynamics in a mesoscopic system with high sensitivity at room temperature. This thesis proposes a theoretical method to realize spin interaction detection based on NV centers on an atomic force-microscopy(AFM) tip. To realize this method, a robust control on NV centers and target electron spins at zero magnetic field is necessary. A pulse control technique for NV centers is proposed to realize transitions between two degenerate states at zero magnetic field, which is an important part of the sensing method. The key to realizing this transition is a circularly polarized microwave pulse generated by two parallel wires. Combined with optimal control techniques, this pulse can achieve a gate fidelity over 99.95% theoretically.