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arXiv:2307.02162

The power of photons: Cavity-mediated energy transfer between quantum devices

Alba Crescente

Published Jul 5, 2023• 0 citations
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Abstract

The coherent energy transfer between a quantum charger and a quantum battery is analyzed. In particular, we study how to improve the direct energy transfer by adding a photonic cavity as a mediator. We show that the additional degree of freedom given by the photons consistently improves the transfer performances, above all in the off-resonant case, where there is a mismatch in the energy levels. An experimental feasible way to switch-on and off the interaction between each part of the systems and the possibility of changing the energy levels mismatch will be described, in view of finding the best working setup.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2307.02162

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The coherent energy transfer between a quantum charger and a quantum battery is analyzed. In particular, we study how to improve the direct energy transfer by adding a photonic cavity as a mediator. We show that the additional degree of freedom given by the photons consistently improves the transfer performances, above all in the off-resonant case, where there is a mismatch in the energy levels. An experimental feasible way to switch-on and off the interaction between each part of the systems and the possibility of changing the energy levels mismatch will be described, in view of finding the best working setup.
The coherent energy transfer between two identical two-level systems is investigated. Here, the first quantum system plays the role of a charger, while the second can be seen as a quantum battery. Firstly, a direct energy transfer between the two objects is considered and then compared to a transfer mediated by an additional intermediate two-level system. In this latter case, it is possible to distinguish between a two-step process, where the energy is firstly transferred from the charger to the mediator and only after from the mediator to the battery, and a single-step in which the two transfers occurs simultaneously. The differences between these configurations are discussed in the framework of an analytically solvable model completing what recently discussed in literature.
Remote charging of a quantum battery (QB) is hindered by radiative leakage of the excitation into the photonic environment that acts as a mediator for energy transfer. We consider a charger-battery model consisting of two two-level systems (TLSs) that are locally coupled to two sites of a one-dimensional coupled cavity array. When their transition frequency lies outside the propagation band, the system forms atom-photon bound states with localized photonic components, and the overlap of these components lifts the degeneracy of the even- and odd-parity bound states, yielding an energy splitting that drives coherent energy transfer from the charger to the QB. In this way, the band gap suppresses resonant emission and the localized bound states mediate remote charging. From the parity-resolved spectrum, we relate the charging time to the energy splitting and the charged ergotropy to the fraction of TLS population on the bound states. Bound states closer to the band edge extend the interaction range of the TLSs but contain a large photonic fraction and are consequently more susceptible to photon loss.
We investigate the coherent energy transfer between two quantum systems mediated by a quantum bus. In particular, we consider the energy-transfer process between two qubits and how it can be influenced by using a third qubit or photons in a resonant cavity as mediators. Inspecting different figures of merit and considering both on- and off-resonance configurations, we characterize the energy-transfer performances. We show that while the qubit-mediated transfer shows no advantages with respect to a direct-coupling case, the cavity-mediated one is progressively more and more efficient as function of the number of photons stored in the cavity that acts as a quantum bus. The speeding-up of the energy-transfer time, due to a quantum mediator, paves the way for new architecture designs in quantum technologies and energy-based quantum logics.
Currently, remote energy transfer and immunity to dissipation are hot topics in quantum batteries (QBs). In this work, we propose a protocol to realize energy transfer between two remote atoms (a quantum charger and a quantum battery) each coupled to a separate optical cavity with the cavities connected by a fiber. The cavities and fiber are coupled to their individual baths. After optimizing inter-system couplings to achieve an efficient transfer, we uncover the effect of suppressing dissipation by introducing parity deformation of the cavities fields. We also prove that the charger-battery entanglement is a consumable resource for energy storage: it is initially stored until the charger and battery reach energy balance, and then subsequently consumed to maintain the increase in energy stored in the battery. The present scheme is the first execution of energy transfer to a distant battery assisted by entanglement, which may help better understand quantum thermodynamics and open new possibilities toward harnessing decoherence as a resource to improve the charging performance of QBs.
We consider a collection of two level systems, such as qubits, embedded into a microwave cavity as a promising candidate for the realization of high power quantum batteries. In this perspective, the possibility to design devices where the conventional single-photon coupling is suppressed and the dominant interaction is mediated by two-photon processes is investigated, opening the way to an even further enhancement of the charging performance. By solving a Dicke model with both single- and two-photon coupling we determine the range of parameters where the latter unconventional interaction dominates the dynamics of the system leading to better performances both in the charging times and average charging power of the QB compared to the single-photon case. In addition, the scaling of the maximum stored energy, fluctuations and charging power with the finite number of qubits NNN is inspected. While the energy and fluctuations scale linearly with NNN, the quadratic growth of the average power leads to a relevant improvement of the charging performance of quantum batteries based on this scheme with respect to the purely single-photon coupling case. Moreover, it is shown that the charging process is progressively faster by increasing the coupling from the weak to the ultra-strong regime.