Classifying perturbative fixed points near upper critical dimensions plays an important role in understanding the space of conformal field theories and critical phases of matter. In this work, we consider perturbative fixed points of N=5 scalar bosons coupled with quartic interactions preserving an arbitrary subgroup G \subset ⊂ O(5). We perform an exhaustive algorithmic search over the symmetry groups G which are irreducible and satisfy the Landau condition, so that the fixed point can be reached by fine-tuning a single mass term and there is no need to tune the cubic couplings. We also impose stability of the RG flow in the space of quartic couplings, and reality. We thus prove that there exist no new stable fixed points in d=4- \epsilon ϵ dimensions beyond the two known ones: namely the O(5) nvariant fixed point and the Cubic(5) fixed point. This work is a continuation of the classification of such fixed points with N=4 scalars by Toledano, Michel, Toledano and Brézin in 1985 [Phys. Rev. B 31, 7171 (1985)].
Classifying perturbative fixed points near upper critical dimensions plays an important role in understanding the space of conformal field theories and critical phases of matter. In this work, we consider perturbative fixed points of N=5 scalar bosons coupled with quartic interactions preserving an arbitrary subgroup G \subset ⊂ O(5). We perform an exhaustive algorithmic search over the symmetry groups G which are irreducible and satisfy the Landau condition, so that the fixed point can be reached by fine-tuning a single mass term and there is no need to tune the cubic couplings. We also impose stability of the RG flow in the space of quartic couplings, and reality. We thus prove that there exist no new stable fixed points in d=4- \epsilon ϵ dimensions beyond the two known ones: namely the O(5) nvariant fixed point and the Cubic(5) fixed point. This work is a continuation of the classification of such fixed points with N=4 scalars by Toledano, Michel, Toledano and Brézin in 1985 [Phys. Rev. B 31, 7171 (1985)].
Abstract Chapter 7 is devoted to a discussion of the renormalization group (RG) flow when the effective field theory that describes universal properties of critical phenomena depends on several coupling constants. The universal properties of a large class of macroscopic phase transitions with short range interactions can be described by statistical field theories involving scalar fields with quartic interactions. The simplest critical systems have an O(N) orthogonal symmetry and, therefore, the corresponding field theory has only one quartic interaction. However, in more general physical systems, the flow of quartic interactions is more complicated. This chapter examines these systems from the RG viewpoint. RG beta functions are shown to generate a gradient flow. Some examples illustrate the notion of emergent symmetry. The local stability of fixed points is related to the value of the scaling field dimension.
We employ perturbative renormalization group and $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-expansion to study multicritical single-scalar field theories with higher derivative kinetic terms of the form $\ensuremath{\phi}(\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\square}{)}^{k}\ensuremath{\phi}$. We focus on those with a Z2-symmetric critical point which are characterized by an upper critical dimension ${d}_{c}=2nk/(n\ensuremath{-}1)$ accumulating at even integers. We distinguish two types of theories depending on whether or not the numbers k and $n\ensuremath{-}1$ are relatively prime. When they are, the critical theory involves a marginal powerlike interaction ${\ensuremath{\phi}}^{2n}$ and the deformations admit a derivative expansion that at leading order involves only the potential. In this case we present the beta functional of the potential and use this to calculate some anomalous dimensions and operator product expansion coefficients. These confirm some conformal field theory data obtained using conformal-block techniques, while giving new results. In the second case where k and $n\ensuremath{-}1$ have a common divisor, the theories show a much richer structure induced by the presence of marginal derivative operators at criticality. We study the case k=2 with odd values of n, which fall in the second class, and calculate the functional flows and spectrum. These theories have a phase diagram characterized at leading order in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ by four fixed points which apart from the Gaussian UV fixed point include an IR fixed point with a purely derivative interaction.
The critical thermodynamics of the two-dimensional N-vector cubic and MN models is studied within the field-theoretical renormalization group (RG) approach. The $\ensuremath{\beta}$ functions and critical exponents are calculated in the five-loop approximation and the RG series obtained are resummed using the Borel-Leroy transformation combined with the generalized Pad\'e approximant and conformal mapping techniques. For the cubic model, the RG flows for various N are investigated. For N=2 it is found that the continuous line of fixed points running from the XY fixed point to the Ising one is well reproduced by the resummed RG series and an account for the five-loop terms makes the lines of zeros of both $\ensuremath{\beta}$ functions closer to each another. For the cubic model with $N\ensuremath{\geqslant}3$, the five-loop contributions are shown to shift the cubic fixed point, given by the four-loop approximation, towards the Ising fixed point. This confirms the idea that the existence of the cubic fixed point in two dimensions under N>2 is an artifact of the perturbative analysis. For the quenched dilute O(M) models (MN models with N=0) the results are compatible with a stable pure fixed point for $M\ensuremath{\geqslant}1$. For the MN model with $M,N\ensuremath{\geqslant}2$ all the nonperturbative results are reproduced. In addition a new stable fixed point is found for moderate values of M and N.
The renormalization-group recursion relations are solved for the effective Hamiltonians relative to phase transitions with four-component order parameters. For this value of n there are 22 types of Hamiltonians which can be classified into two categories according to the action of their normalizer GN on the corresponding parameter space (GN is the symmetry group leaving globally invariant this space). In the first case, GN generates a finite number of isolated fixed points whose characteristics can be deduced from the detailed investigation of five Hamiltonians only.In the second category, for which GN is a continuous group, there are, in addition to isolated fixed points, continuous manifolds of physically equivalent fixed points (the dimension of the manifolds is either one or three). In the search for a stable fixed point, the continuous manifolds can be ignored, while the isolated points are related to the five former Hamiltonians. For n=4, it is necessary to solve the recursion relations to two-loop order. The only possible stable ones among the fixed points then arise from a splitting of points which coincide, to one-loop order, with the isotropic fixed point. Extending, to two-loop order, a result recently established to the preceding order, we show that if a stable fixed point exists, it is unique. For n=4, the stable fixed point has one of three possible symmetries : di-icosahedral, hypercubic, or dicylindrical.Despite this anisotropy of the critical fluctuations, the exponents associated with any of the stable fixed points are identical to order ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}$ to the ``isotropic'' exponents corresponding to n=4. The cubic point is destabilized by any operator of symmetry lower than cubic. The dicylindrical one remains stable with respect to certain anisotropies of lower symmetry. We examine the available experimental data in light of the preceding theoretical results concerning the critical behavior and the thermodynamic order of the transitions. On the other hand, we establish two general symmetry conditions relative to the stable fixed points determined by the renormalization-group equations. The first one specifies group theoretically, for each value of n, the possible symmetries Gi∗ of the stable fixed points. The second one formulates a necessary condition for the occurrence of an anisotropic stable fixed point: The normalizer GN of the considered parameter space must fulfill the condition GN\ensuremath{\subset}@;BGi∗ for one, at least, of the former Gi∗ groups. These rules are shown to be very restrictive for n=4: On the basis of symmetry the lack of a stable fixed point can be asserted for 10 Hamiltonians out of 22, without solving the fixed-point equations.
This thesis focuses on renormalization of quantum field theories. Its first part considers three tensor models in three dimensions, a Fermionic quartic with tensors of rank-3 and two Bosonic sextic, of ranks 3 and 5. We rely upon the large-N melonic expansion of tensor models. For the first model, invariant under U(N)3, we obtain the RG flow of the two melonic couplings and the vacuum phase diagram, from a reformulation with a diagonalizable matrix intermediate field. The discrete chiral symmetry breaks spontaneously and we compare with the three-dimensional Gross-Neveu model. Beyond the massless U(N)3 symmetric phase, we also observe a massive phase of same symmetry and another where the symmetry breaks into U(N2)×U(N/2)×U(N/2). A matrix model invariant under U(N)×U(N2), with close properties, is also studied. For the other models, with symmetry groups U(N)3 and O(N)5, a non-melonic coupling (the "wheel") with an optimal scaling in N drives us to a generalized melonic expansion. The kinetic terms are taken of short- and long-range, and we analyze perturbatively, at large-N, the RG flows of the sextic couplings up to four loops. Only the rank-3 model displays non-trivial fixed points (two real Wilson-Fisher-like in the short-range case and a line of fixed points in the other). We finally obtain the real conformal dimensions of the primary bilinear operators. In the second part, we establish the first results of perturbative multi-scale renormalization for a quartic scalar field on critical Galton-Watson trees, with a long-range kinetic term. At criticality, an emergent infinite spine provides a space of effective dimension 4/3 on which to compute averaged correlation fonctions. This approach formalizes the notion of a QFT on a random geometry. We use known probabilistic bounds on the heat-kernel on a random graph reviewed in detail.
This thesis focuses on renormalization of tensor field theories. Its first part considers a quartic tensor model with O(N)3 symmetry and long-range propagator. The existence of a non-perturbative fixed point in any d at large N is established. We found four lines of fixed points parametrized by the so-called tetrahedral coupling. One of them is infrared attractive, strongly interacting and gives rise to a new kind of CFT, called melonic CFTs which are then studied in more details. We first compute dimensions of bilinears and OPE coefficients at the fixed point which are consistent with a unitary CFT at large N. We then compute 1/N corrections. At next-to-leading order, the line of fixed points collapses to one fixed point. However, the corrections are complex and unitarity is broken at NLO. Finally, we show that this model respects the F-theorem. The next part of the thesis investigates sextic tensor field theories in rank 3 and 5. In rank 3, we found two IR stable real fixed points in short range and a line of IR stable real fixed points in long range. Surprisingly, the only fixed point in rank 5 is the Gaussian one. For the rank 3 model, in the short-range case, we still find two IR stable fixed points at NLO. However, in the long-range case, the corrections to the fixed points are non-perturbative and hence unreliable: we found no precursor of the large N fixed point. The last part of the thesis investigates the class of model exhibiting a melonic large N limit. We prove that models with tensors in an irreducible representation of O(N) or Sp(N) in rank 5 indeed admit a large N limit. This generalization relies on recursive bounds derived from a detailed combinatorial analysis of Feynman graphs involved in the perturbative expansion of our model.