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arXiv:2305.20084 · Physical Review A

State-dependent potentials for the S01 and P03 clock states of neutral ytterbium atoms

Tim O. Höhn, Etienne Staub, G. Brochier, Nelson Darkwah Oppong, Monika Aidelsburger

Published Nov 28, 2023• 13 citations
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Abstract

We present measurements of three distinctive state-dependent wavelengths for the $^{1}S_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}P_{0}$ clock transition in ${}^{\text{174}}\text{Yb}$ atoms. Specifically, we determine two magic wavelengths at 652.281(21) and $542.502\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}05(19)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{THz}$, where the differential light shift on the $^{1}S_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}P_{0}$ clock transition vanishes, and one tune-out wavelength at $541.8325(5)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{THz}$, where the polarizability of the $^{1}S_{0}$ ground state exhibits a zero crossing. The two magic wavelengths are identified by spectroscopically interrogating cold ${}^{\text{174}}\text{Yb}$ atoms on the clock transition in a one-dimensional optical lattice. The ground-state tune-out wavelength is determined via a parametric heating scheme. With a simple empirical model, we then extrapolate the ground- and excited-state polarizability over a broad range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.108.053325

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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)•Jul 1, 2017•1 citation
We present measurements of three distinctive state-dependent wavelengths for the 1S0\ensuremath-3P0^{1}S_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}P_{0}1S0​\ensuremath-3P0​ clock transition in 174Yb{}^{\text{174}}\text{Yb}174Yb atoms. Specifically, we determine two magic wavelengths at 652.281(21) and 542.50205(19)THz542.502\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}05(19)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{THz}542.50205(19)THz, where the differential light shift on the 1S0\ensuremath-3P0^{1}S_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}P_{0}1S0​\ensuremath-3P0​ clock transition vanishes, and one tune-out wavelength at 541.8325(5)THz541.8325(5)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{THz}541.8325(5)THz, where the polarizability of the 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​ ground state exhibits a zero crossing. The two magic wavelengths are identified by spectroscopically interrogating cold 174Yb{}^{\text{174}}\text{Yb}174Yb atoms on the clock transition in a one-dimensional optical lattice. The ground-state tune-out wavelength is determined via a parametric heating scheme. With a simple empirical model, we then extrapolate the ground- and excited-state polarizability over a broad range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum.
We present an experimental study of the lattice-induced light shifts on the (1)S(0) --> (3)P(0) optical clock transition (nu(clock) approximately 518 THz) in neutral ytterbium. The "magic" frequency nu(magic) for the 174Yb isotope was determined to be 394 799 475(35) MHz, which leads to a first order light shift uncertainty of 0.38 Hz. We also investigated the hyperpolarizability shifts due to the nearby 6s6p(3)P(0) --> 6s8p(3)P(0), 6s8p(3)P(2), and 6s5f(3)F(2) two-photon resonances at 759.708, 754.23, and 764.95 nm, respectively. By measuring the corresponding clock transition shifts near these two-photon resonances, the hyperpolarizability shift was estimated to be 170(33) mHz for a linear polarized, 50 microK deep, lattice at the magic wavelength. These results indicate that the differential polarizability and hyperpolarizability frequency shift uncertainties in a Yb lattice clock could be held to well below 10(-17).
Precise state-dependent control of optical potentials is of great importance for various applications utilizing cold neutral atoms. In particular, tune-out wavelengths for the clock state pair in alkaline-earth(-like) atoms provide maximally state-selective trap conditions that hold promise for the realization of novel approaches in quantum computation and simulation. While several ground-state tune-out wavelengths have been determined, similar experimental studies for metastable excited states are challenged by inelastic collisions and Raman losses, so far prohibiting precise measurements of excited-state tune-out conditions. In this work we report on the measurement of a tune-out wavelength for the metastable 3 P 0 clock state in 174 Yb at 519.920 ( 9 ) THz. In order to circumvent collisional losses, we isolate individual 3 P 0 atoms in a two-dimensional clock-magic-wavelength lattice at 759 nm. To minimize the limitation imposed by Raman scattering, we further implement resolved sideband cooling on the clock transition, which allows us to reduce the lattice depth and surpass lifetimes of 5 s. The precision of the tune-out measurement is further enhanced by fluorescence imaging in a triple-magic configuration, where we implement molasses cooling on the 3 P 1 intercombination line and identify a magic angle of 38.5 ( 9 ) ∘ in the clock-magic lattice.
We carry out relativistic many-body calculations of the static and dynamic dipole polarizabilities of the ground 6s 2 1 S 0 and the first excited 6s6p 3 P o 0 states of Yb. With these polarizabilities, we compute several properties of Yb relevant to optical lattice clocks operating on the 6s 2 1 S 0 –6s6p 3 P o 0 transition. We determine (i) the first four magic wavelengths of the laser field for which the frequency of the clock transition is insensitive to the laser intensity. While the first magic wavelength is known, we predict the second, the third and the fourth magic wavelengths to be 551 nm, 465 nm and 413 nm. (ii) We re-evaluate the effect of black-body radiation on the frequency of the clock transition, the resulting clock shift at T = 300 K being −1.41(17) Hz. (iii) We compute long-range interatomic van der Waals coefficients (in a.u.) C 6 (6s 2 1 S 0 + 6s 2 1 S 0 ) = 1909(160), C 6 (6s 2 1 S 0 + 6s6p 3 P 0 ) = 2709(338) and C 6 (6s6p 3 P 0 + 6s6p 3 P 0 ) = 3886(360). Finally, we determine the atom-wall interaction coefficients (in a.u.), C 3 (6s 2 1 S 0 ) = 3.34 and C 3 (6s6p 3 P 0 ) = 3.68. We also address and resolve a disagreement between previous calculations of the static polarizability of the ground state.
We report on the spectroscopy of the $5{s}^{2}\text{ }^{1}S_{0}(F=9/2)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p\text{ }^{3}P_{0}(F=9/2)$ clock transition of 87Sr^{87}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r}87Sr atoms (natural linewidth of 1 mHz) trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Recoilless transitions with a linewidth of 0.7 kHz as well as the vibrational structure of the lattice potential were observed. By investigating the wavelength dependence of the carrier linewidth, we determined the magic wavelength, where the light shift in the clock transition vanishes, to be $813.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\text{ }\mathrm{n}\mathrm{m}$.
We calculate and measure the magic wavelengths for the $6{s}^{2}^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{-}6s6p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{1}$ intercombination transition of the neutral ytterbium atom. The calculation is performed with the ab initio configuration interaction +++ all-order method. The measurement is done with laser spectroscopy on cold atoms in an optical dipole trap. The magic wavelengths are determined to be 1035.68(4) nm for the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ transition $(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}m=0)$ and 1036.12(3) nm for the $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ transitions $(|\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}m|=1)$ in agreement with the calculated values. Laser cooling on the narrow intercombination transition could achieve better results for atoms in an optical dipole trap when the trap wavelength is tuned to near the magic wavelength.
Differential static polarizability and black body radiation (BBR) shift for Ytterbium ion (171Yb+) clock transition from ground state2S1/2to metastable state2D3/2corresponding to the wavelength 435.5 nm are calculated accurately for frequency standard applications. The values are found to be −7.5(5) × 10−40Jm2/V and −0.4(1) Hz, respectively, which are well in agreement with pre-available data and more accurate than the previous theoretical results. We further determine the values of dynamic polarizability of these states to find out the magic and tune-out wavelengths for the above mentioned clock transition.