Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2305.16245 · Optica Quantum

High-dimensional quantum correlation measurements with an adaptively gated hybrid single-photon camera

Sanjukta Kundu, Jerzy Szuniewicz, Grzegorz Firlik, Alexander Krupiński‐Ptaszek, Radek Łapkiewicz

Published May 23, 2024• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Efficient measurement of high-dimensional quantum correlations, especially spatial ones, is essential for quantum technologies. We propose and demonstrate an adaptively gated hybrid intensified camera (HIC) that combines the information from a high spatial resolution sensor and a high temporal resolution detector, offering precise control over the number of photons detected within each frame. The HIC facilitates spatially resolved single-photon counting measurements. We study the measurement of momentum correlations of photon pairs generated in type-I spontaneous parametric downconversion with the HIC and demonstrate the possibility of time-tagging the registered photons. With a spatial resolution of multi-megapixels and nanosecond temporal resolution, this system allows for the realization of previously infeasible quantum optics experiments.

DOI
10.1364/opticaq.522894

Related papers

Detection of non-classical space-time correlations with a novel type of single-photon camera

Felix Just, Mykhaylo Filipenko, Andrea Cavanna +9 more

During the last decades, multi-pixel detectors have been developed capable of registering single photons. The newly developed hybrid photon detector camera has a remarkable property that it has not only spatial but also temporal resolution. In this work, we apply this device to the detection of non-classical light from spontaneous parametric down-conversion and use two-photon correlations for the absolute calibration of its quantum efficiency.

arXiv:1404.6946•Optics Express•Jul 11, 2014•11 citations

Number Resolving, Mode-Selective Detection of High-Dimensional Correlated Photons

Misagh Izadi, Yuping Huang, Santosh Kumar +5 more

High-dimensional encoding in time-frequency and photon-number degrees of freedom promises photon-efficient quantum communication, but requires detectors that are both temporal-mode selective and photon-number resolving. Here we demonstrate time-correlated single-photon detection combining both capabilities. A train of shaped pump pulses drives quantum frequency up-conversion to select a chosen temporal mode, and the converted photons are counted with a photon-number-resolving detector. Applying to a photon-pair source by spontaneous parametric downconversion into signal and idler bands, we demonstrate direct sampling of the high-dimensional correlated quantum states on compound time-frequency and photon number bases. Our measurements show that the up-converted photons in each band exhibit thermal photon-number statistics, indicating strong single-mode selection. We reconstruct joint temporal intensities conditioned on one and two photon pairs, revealing signal-idler correlations in both time-frequency and photon number. Together, these results establish a unified technology framework linking high-dimensional quantum correlations, mode-selective photon measurement, and photon-number resolved detection. This approach provides a route to characterizing multimode photon-pair sources and to larger time-frequency and photon-number alphabets for high-dimensional quantum communication and information processing.

•Oct 28, 2026•0 citations

Number Resolving, Mode-Selective Detection of High-Dimensional Correlated Photons

Misagh Izadi, Yuping Huang, Santosh Kumar +5 more

High-dimensional encoding in time-frequency and photon-number degrees of freedom promises photon-efficient quantum communication, but requires detectors that are both temporal-mode selective and photon-number resolving. Here we demonstrate time-correlated single-photon detection combining both capabilities. A train of shaped pump pulses drives quantum frequency up-conversion to select a chosen temporal mode, and the converted photons are counted with a photon-number-resolving detector. Applying to a photon-pair source by spontaneous parametric downconversion into signal and idler bands, we demonstrate direct sampling of the high-dimensional correlated quantum states on compound time-frequency and photon number bases. Our measurements show that the up-converted photons in each band exhibit thermal photon-number statistics, indicating strong single-mode selection. We reconstruct joint temporal intensities conditioned on one and two photon pairs, revealing signal-idler correlations in both time-frequency and photon number. Together, these results establish a unified technology framework linking high-dimensional quantum correlations, mode-selective photon measurement, and photon-number resolved detection. This approach provides a route to characterizing multimode photon-pair sources and to larger time-frequency and photon-number alphabets for high-dimensional quantum communication and information processing.

•Oct 28, 2026•0 citations

Certifying High Dimensional Quantum Entanglement with a Time-Stamping Camera

Raphaël Guitter, Baptiste Courme, Chloé Vernière +3 more

High-dimensional entanglement is a promising resource for quantum technologies [1], [2]. Being able to certify it for any quantum state is essential. However, to date, experimental entanglement certification methods are imperfect and leave some loopholes open, due to the presence of accidental coincidences and the hypotheses necessary for their subtraction in post-processing [3], [4]. We present here an experimental study of the role of these accidentals depending on the temporal resolution of the coincidence detection apparatus. Our results show that high-dimensional entanglement certification can be achieved without accidental subtraction using current single-photon camera technologies. Using the recently developed time-stamping Tpx3Cam camera [5], we certify high-dimensional entanglement without accidental subtraction in under 16 seconds. In our experiment, we measure position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) [6] correlations in pairs of photons generated by Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) by collecting all spatial output modes simultaneously on the camera. We achieved an EPR factor of$0.13 < 1/2$, which allows us to certify entanglement.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 23, 2025•0 citations

Characterization of space-momentum entangled photons with a time resolving CMOS SPAD array

Bruno Eckmann, Bänz Bessire, Manuel Unternährer +3 more

Single photon avalanche diode arrays can provide both the spatial and temporal information of each detected photon. We present here the characterization of entangled light with a sensor specifically designed for quantum imaging applications. The sensors is time-tagging each detection events at the pixel level with sub-nanosecond accuracy, within frames of 50 ns. The spatial correlations between any number of detections in a defined temporal window can thus be directly extracted from the data. We show the ability of the sensor to characterize space-momentum entangled photon pairs emitted by spontaneous parametric downconversion. Their entanglement is demonstrated by violating an EPR-type inequality.

•Jan 1, 2020•24 citations

A comparison between the measurement of quantum spatial correlations using qCMOS photon-number resolving and electron multiplying CCD camera technologies

K. Roberts, Osian Wolley, Thomas Gregory +1 more

Cameras with single-photon sensitivities can be used to measure the spatial correlations between the photon-pairs that are produced by parametric down-conversion. Even when pumped by a single-mode laser, the signal and idler photons are typically distributed over several thousand spatial modes yet strongly correlated with each other in their position and anti-correlated in their transverse momentum. These spatial correlations enable applications in imaging, sensing, communication, and optical processing. Here we show that, using a photon-number resolving camera, spatial correlations can be observed after only a few 10s of seconds of measurement time, thereby demonstrating comparable performance with previous single photon sensitive camera technologies but with the additional capability to resolve photon-number. Consequently, these photon-number resolving technologies are likely to find wide use in quantum, low-light, imaging systems.

Scientific Reports•Jun 26, 2024•11 citations
Efficient measurement of high-dimensional quantum correlations, especially spatial ones, is essential for quantum technologies. We propose and demonstrate an adaptively gated hybrid intensified camera (HIC) that combines the information from a high spatial resolution sensor and a high temporal resolution detector, offering precise control over the number of photons detected within each frame. The HIC facilitates spatially resolved single-photon counting measurements. We study the measurement of momentum correlations of photon pairs generated in type-I spontaneous parametric downconversion with the HIC and demonstrate the possibility of time-tagging the registered photons. With a spatial resolution of multi-megapixels and nanosecond temporal resolution, this system allows for the realization of previously infeasible quantum optics experiments.
High-dimensional encoding in time-frequency and photon-number degrees of freedom promises photon-efficient quantum communication, but requires detectors that are both temporal-mode selective and photon-number resolving. Here we demonstrate time-correlated single-photon detection combining both capabilities. A train of shaped pump pulses drives quantum frequency up-conversion to select a chosen temporal mode, and the converted photons are counted with a photon-number-resolving detector. Applying to a photon-pair source by spontaneous parametric downconversion into signal and idler bands, we demonstrate direct sampling of the high-dimensional correlated quantum states on compound time-frequency and photon number bases. Our measurements show that the up-converted photons in each band exhibit thermal photon-number statistics, indicating strong single-mode selection. We reconstruct joint temporal intensities conditioned on one and two photon pairs, revealing signal-idler correlations in both time-frequency and photon number. Together, these results establish a unified technology framework linking high-dimensional quantum correlations, mode-selective photon measurement, and photon-number resolved detection. This approach provides a route to characterizing multimode photon-pair sources and to larger time-frequency and photon-number alphabets for high-dimensional quantum communication and information processing.
High-dimensional encoding in time-frequency and photon-number degrees of freedom promises photon-efficient quantum communication, but requires detectors that are both temporal-mode selective and photon-number resolving. Here we demonstrate time-correlated single-photon detection combining both capabilities. A train of shaped pump pulses drives quantum frequency up-conversion to select a chosen temporal mode, and the converted photons are counted with a photon-number-resolving detector. Applying to a photon-pair source by spontaneous parametric downconversion into signal and idler bands, we demonstrate direct sampling of the high-dimensional correlated quantum states on compound time-frequency and photon number bases. Our measurements show that the up-converted photons in each band exhibit thermal photon-number statistics, indicating strong single-mode selection. We reconstruct joint temporal intensities conditioned on one and two photon pairs, revealing signal-idler correlations in both time-frequency and photon number. Together, these results establish a unified technology framework linking high-dimensional quantum correlations, mode-selective photon measurement, and photon-number resolved detection. This approach provides a route to characterizing multimode photon-pair sources and to larger time-frequency and photon-number alphabets for high-dimensional quantum communication and information processing.
High-dimensional entanglement is a promising resource for quantum technologies [1], [2]. Being able to certify it for any quantum state is essential. However, to date, experimental entanglement certification methods are imperfect and leave some loopholes open, due to the presence of accidental coincidences and the hypotheses necessary for their subtraction in post-processing [3], [4]. We present here an experimental study of the role of these accidentals depending on the temporal resolution of the coincidence detection apparatus. Our results show that high-dimensional entanglement certification can be achieved without accidental subtraction using current single-photon camera technologies. Using the recently developed time-stamping Tpx3Cam camera [5], we certify high-dimensional entanglement without accidental subtraction in under 16 seconds. In our experiment, we measure position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) [6] correlations in pairs of photons generated by Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) by collecting all spatial output modes simultaneously on the camera. We achieved an EPR factor of0.13<1/20.13 < 1/20.13<1/2, which allows us to certify entanglement.
Single photon avalanche diode arrays can provide both the spatial and temporal information of each detected photon. We present here the characterization of entangled light with a sensor specifically designed for quantum imaging applications. The sensors is time-tagging each detection events at the pixel level with sub-nanosecond accuracy, within frames of 50 ns. The spatial correlations between any number of detections in a defined temporal window can thus be directly extracted from the data. We show the ability of the sensor to characterize space-momentum entangled photon pairs emitted by spontaneous parametric downconversion. Their entanglement is demonstrated by violating an EPR-type inequality.
Cameras with single-photon sensitivities can be used to measure the spatial correlations between the photon-pairs that are produced by parametric down-conversion. Even when pumped by a single-mode laser, the signal and idler photons are typically distributed over several thousand spatial modes yet strongly correlated with each other in their position and anti-correlated in their transverse momentum. These spatial correlations enable applications in imaging, sensing, communication, and optical processing. Here we show that, using a photon-number resolving camera, spatial correlations can be observed after only a few 10s of seconds of measurement time, thereby demonstrating comparable performance with previous single photon sensitive camera technologies but with the additional capability to resolve photon-number. Consequently, these photon-number resolving technologies are likely to find wide use in quantum, low-light, imaging systems.