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arXiv:2305.12725

Quantum Key Distribution with Minimal Qubit Transmission Based on MultiQubit Greenberger Horne Zeilinger State

Tasdiqul Islam, Engin Arslan

Published May 22, 2023• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Conventional Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) requires the transmission of multiple qubits equivalent to the length of the key. As quantum networks are still in their infancy thus, they are expected to have a limited capacity, necessitating too many qubit transmissions for QKD might limit the effective use of limited network bandwidth of quantum networks. To address this challenge and enhance the practicality of QKD, we propose a Multi-Qubit Greenberger Horne Zeilinger (GHZ) State-based QKD scheme that requires a small number of qubit transmissions. The proposed method transmits one qubit between endpoints and reuses it for the transmission of multiple classical bits with the help of Quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements. We show that one can transfer L-1 classical bits by generating an L-qubit GHZ state and transferring one to the remote party. We further show that the proposed QKD algorithm can be extended to enable multi-party QKD. It can also support QKD between parties with minimal quantum resources. As a result, the proposed scheme offers a quantum network-efficient alternative QKD.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2305.12725

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Conventional Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) methods require too many qubit transmission between end points. As the capacity of quantum network is limited, it is important to develop more efficient methods. In this work, we propose a Multi-Qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) State-based QKD scheme that uses single qubit transmission and Quantum Nondemolition (QND) measurements to transmit multiple classical bits. We show that we can transfer N-1 classical bits by generating an N-qubit GHZ state and transmitting one of the GHZ qubits,
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Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state is an essential resource in quantum processing. We propose multiparty measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol based on a fuzzy GHZ state analyzer, which is composed of linear optical components. Our scheme requires only N detectors and N − 1 polarizing beam splitters to realize an N-party MDI-QKD network. From numerical simulations, the security communication distance is improved to 300 km, and key rate is determined to be higher than 10 − 14. Compared with the previous work, our scheme needs less optical components and detectors, is easier to extend more users, and narrows the gap between theory and practice in multiparty MDI-QKD network.
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