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arXiv:2305.05174 · Optical Memory and Neural Networks

Formation of Narrow Atomic Lines of Rb in the UV Region Using a Magnetic Field

A. Tonoyan, Armen D. Sargsyan, Rodolphe Momier, Claude Leroy, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Dec 1, 2023• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Magnetically induced (MI) transitions Fg = 1 → Fe = 3 of 87Rb D2 line are among the most promising atomic transitions for applications in laser physics. They reach their maximum intensity in the 0.2–2 kG magnetic field range and are more intense than many conventional atomic transitions. An important feature of MI transitions is their large frequency shift with respect to the unperturbed hyperfine transitions which reaches ~12 GHz in magnetic fields of ~3 kG, while they are formed on the high-frequency wing of the spectrum and do not overlap with other transitions. Some important peculiarities have been demonstrated for the MI 5S1/2 → 5P3/2 transitions (λ = 780 nm). Particularly, it was shown that using a nanocell with thickness L = 100 nm it is possible to realize 1 μm-spatial resolution which is important when determining magnetic fields with strong spatial gradient (of >3G/μm). Earlier, our studies have been performed for 5S1/2 → nP3/2 transition with n = 5, while it is also theoretically shown to be promising for the transitions with n = 6, 7, 8 and 9, corresponding to the transition wavelengths of 420.2, 358.7, 334.9 and 322.8 nm, respectively.

DOI
10.3103/s1060992x23070196

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Application of Magnetically Induced Transitions of 87Rb Atoms in Coherent Optical Processes

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Abstract We experimentally demonstrated that magnetically induced (MI) Fg = 1 → Fe = 3 transitions of the D2-line of 87Rb are promising for the generation of optical resonances in strong magnetic fields of up to 3 kG. A cell of micron-scale thickness filled with Rb vapors was used. A simple and convenient method of determining magnetic induction that exhibits micron-scale spatial resolution is described. In the process, it becomes unnecessary using a reference spectrum. The probability of an MI transition in the interval of magnetic fields from 0.3 to 2 kG can exceed the probability of an ordinary atomic transition, which makes using it as a coupling or probe transition in Λ- or V-systems advantageous for formation of dark resonances in processes of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Dark resonances shifted in strong magnetic fields by as much as 10 GHz may find a number of practical applications. Note that dark resonances are nearly absent in Λ-systems based on ordinary atomic transitions in magnetic fields exceeding 1 kG.

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Применение магнито-индуцированных переходов в атомах -=SUP=-87-=/SUP=-Rb в когерентных оптических процессах

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The prospects of using Fg = 1-Fe = 3 magnetically induced (MI) transitions of the 87Rb D2 line to form optical resonances in strong magnetic fields up to 3 kG have been experimentally demonstrated. A micrometer-thick cell filled with the Rb atomic vapor is used. A simple and convenient method for determining the magnetic induction with a micron spatial resolution is presented. In this case, there is no need for a reference frequency spectrum. The probability of the MI transition in the magnetic field range of 0.3–2 kG may exceed the probability of a “normal” atomic transition; therefore, it is reasonable to use MI transition at the frequency of “coupling” or probe lasers in Lambda- and V systems to form EIT- resonance (also called dark resonance) in the process of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The formation of dark resonances in strong magnetic fields, when there is a frequency shift of the dark resonance up to ~ 10 GHz, has a number of practical applications. Note that when using “ordinary” atomic transitions in the Lambda- system for magnetic fields of > 1 kG, dark resonances are practically absent.

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Abstract Magnetically induced Fg = 2 → Fe = 4 transitions corresponding to the 85Rb D2 line in the case of the σ+ circularly polarized radiation have been used for the first time to form optical dark resonances in strong magnetic fields up to 1 kG under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. A 1.5-μm-thick cell filled with Rb atomic vapor has been used. The probabilities of two of five magnetically induced transitions, which are efficiently formed only with the σ+-polarized radiation, in the magnetic field range of 0.2–1 kG exceed the probabilities of “ordinary” atomic transitions. For this reason, it is appropriate to use them in Λ systems for the formation of the dark resonance. The following rule has been established: for the formation of the dark resonance in a Λ system with the use of the σ+-polarized probe radiation at the frequencies of magnetically induced transitions, the radiation of the coupling laser should also be σ+ polarized; the dark resonance is not formed if the radiation of the coupling laser is σ– polarized, which is confirmed by the calculated theoretical curve. A significant advantage of magnetically induced resonances for electromagnetically induced transparency compared to ordinary atomic transitions corresponding to the 85Rb D2 line has been demonstrated. The formation of dark resonances in strong magnetic fields, when their frequency is shifted by several gigahertzs, can be applied in practice.

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Faraday effect on the Rb D 1 line in a cell with a thickness of half the wavelength of light

Armen D. Sargsyan, Y. Pashayan-Leroy, Claude Leroy +1 more

The rotation of the radiation polarization plane in a longitudinal magnetic field (Faraday effect) on the D 1 line in atomic Rb vapor has been studied with the use of a nanocell with the thickness L varying in the range of 100–900 nm. It has been shown that an important parameter is the ratio L/λ, where λ = 795 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation resonant with the D 1 line. The best parameters of the signal of rotation of the radiation polarization plane have been obtained at the thickness L = λ/2 = 397.5 nm. The fabricated nanocell had a large region with such a thickness. The spectral width of the signal reached at the thickness L = 397.5 nm is approximately 30 MHz, which is much smaller than the spectral width (≈ 500 MHz) reached with ordinary cells with a thickness in the range of 1–100 mm. The parameters of the Faraday rotation signal have been studied as functions of the temperature of the nanocell, the laser power, and the magnetic field strength. The signal has been reliably detected at the laser power P L ≥ 1 μW, magnetic field strength B ≥ 0.5 G, and the temperature of the nanocell T ≥ 100°C. It has been shown that the maximum rotation angle of the polarization plane in the longitudinal magnetic field is reached on the F g = 3 → F e = 2 transition of the 85Rb atom. The spectral profile of the Faraday rotation signal has a specific shape with a sharp peak, which promotes its applications. In particular, Rb atomic transitions in high magnetic fields about 1000 G are split into a large number of components, which are completely spectrally resolved and allow the study of the behavior of an individual transition.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Sep 1, 2016•6 citations
Abstract Magnetically induced (MI) transitions Fg = 1 → Fe = 3 of 87Rb D2 line are among the most promising atomic transitions for applications in laser physics. They reach their maximum intensity in the 0.2–2 kG magnetic field range and are more intense than many conventional atomic transitions. An important feature of MI transitions is their large frequency shift with respect to the unperturbed hyperfine transitions which reaches ~12 GHz in magnetic fields of ~3 kG, while they are formed on the high-frequency wing of the spectrum and do not overlap with other transitions. Some important peculiarities have been demonstrated for the MI 5S1/2 → 5P3/2 transitions (λ = 780 nm). Particularly, it was shown that using a nanocell with thickness L = 100 nm it is possible to realize 1 μm-spatial resolution which is important when determining magnetic fields with strong spatial gradient (of >3G/μm). Earlier, our studies have been performed for 5S1/2 → nP3/2 transition with n = 5, while it is also theoretically shown to be promising for the transitions with n = 6, 7, 8 and 9, corresponding to the transition wavelengths of 420.2, 358.7, 334.9 and 322.8 nm, respectively.
Abstract We experimentally demonstrated that magnetically induced (MI) Fg = 1 → Fe = 3 transitions of the D2-line of 87Rb are promising for the generation of optical resonances in strong magnetic fields of up to 3 kG. A cell of micron-scale thickness filled with Rb vapors was used. A simple and convenient method of determining magnetic induction that exhibits micron-scale spatial resolution is described. In the process, it becomes unnecessary using a reference spectrum. The probability of an MI transition in the interval of magnetic fields from 0.3 to 2 kG can exceed the probability of an ordinary atomic transition, which makes using it as a coupling or probe transition in Λ- or V-systems advantageous for formation of dark resonances in processes of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Dark resonances shifted in strong magnetic fields by as much as 10 GHz may find a number of practical applications. Note that dark resonances are nearly absent in Λ-systems based on ordinary atomic transitions in magnetic fields exceeding 1 kG.
The prospects of using Fg = 1-Fe = 3 magnetically induced (MI) transitions of the 87Rb D2 line to form optical resonances in strong magnetic fields up to 3 kG have been experimentally demonstrated. A micrometer-thick cell filled with the Rb atomic vapor is used. A simple and convenient method for determining the magnetic induction with a micron spatial resolution is presented. In this case, there is no need for a reference frequency spectrum. The probability of the MI transition in the magnetic field range of 0.3–2 kG may exceed the probability of a “normal” atomic transition; therefore, it is reasonable to use MI transition at the frequency of “coupling” or probe lasers in Lambda- and V systems to form EIT- resonance (also called dark resonance) in the process of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The formation of dark resonances in strong magnetic fields, when there is a frequency shift of the dark resonance up to ~ 10 GHz, has a number of practical applications. Note that when using “ordinary” atomic transitions in the Lambda- system for magnetic fields of > 1 kG, dark resonances are practically absent.
It has been experimentally demonstrated that the use of the effect of significant narrowing of the fluorescence spectrum from a nanocell that contains a column of atomic Rb vapor with a thickness of L = 0.5λ (where λ = 794 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation, whose frequency is resonant with the atomic transition of the D 1 line of Rb) and the application of narrowband diode lasers allow the spectral separation and investigation of changes in probabilities of optical atomic transitions between levels of the hyperfine structure of the D 1 line of 87Rb and 85Rb atoms in external magnetic fields of 10–2500 Gs (for example, for one of transitions, the probability increases ∼17 times). Small column thicknesses (∼390 nm) allow the application of permanent magnets, which facilitates significantly the creation of strong magnetic fields. Experimental results are in a good agreement with the theoretical values. The advantages of this method over other existing methods are noted. The results obtained show that a magnetometer with a local spatial resolution of ∼390 nm can be created based on a nanocell with the column thickness L = 0.5λ. This result is important for mapping strongly inhomogeneous magnetic fields.
Abstract Unusual magnetically-induced (MI) transitions Fg =1 → Fe = 3 of the 87Rb atoms, D2 lines, forbidden in the absence of magnetic field but becoming significant in magnetic fields >500 G have been studied. The effect of the buffer gas of neon on MI transitions was studied using the process of resonant absorption of laser radiation in a nanocell (NC) with Rb atomic vapors with an NC thickness L = 390 nm and a buffer gas of neon with the pressures of 6 and 20 Torr. The use of NC enables to achieve high spectral resolution and selectively study the MI transitions. It was found that the addition of neon to the cell results in a decrease in the amplitude of the MI transition and its spectral broadening (for some optical processes, the addition of a buffer gas results in an improvement of the parameters). The optimal power of a CW laser for the effective formation of the MI transitions was found to be equal to 10 μW.
Abstract Magnetically induced Fg = 2 → Fe = 4 transitions corresponding to the 85Rb D2 line in the case of the σ+ circularly polarized radiation have been used for the first time to form optical dark resonances in strong magnetic fields up to 1 kG under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions. A 1.5-μm-thick cell filled with Rb atomic vapor has been used. The probabilities of two of five magnetically induced transitions, which are efficiently formed only with the σ+-polarized radiation, in the magnetic field range of 0.2–1 kG exceed the probabilities of “ordinary” atomic transitions. For this reason, it is appropriate to use them in Λ systems for the formation of the dark resonance. The following rule has been established: for the formation of the dark resonance in a Λ system with the use of the σ+-polarized probe radiation at the frequencies of magnetically induced transitions, the radiation of the coupling laser should also be σ+ polarized; the dark resonance is not formed if the radiation of the coupling laser is σ– polarized, which is confirmed by the calculated theoretical curve. A significant advantage of magnetically induced resonances for electromagnetically induced transparency compared to ordinary atomic transitions corresponding to the 85Rb D2 line has been demonstrated. The formation of dark resonances in strong magnetic fields, when their frequency is shifted by several gigahertzs, can be applied in practice.
The rotation of the radiation polarization plane in a longitudinal magnetic field (Faraday effect) on the D 1 line in atomic Rb vapor has been studied with the use of a nanocell with the thickness L varying in the range of 100–900 nm. It has been shown that an important parameter is the ratio L/λ, where λ = 795 nm is the wavelength of laser radiation resonant with the D 1 line. The best parameters of the signal of rotation of the radiation polarization plane have been obtained at the thickness L = λ/2 = 397.5 nm. The fabricated nanocell had a large region with such a thickness. The spectral width of the signal reached at the thickness L = 397.5 nm is approximately 30 MHz, which is much smaller than the spectral width (≈ 500 MHz) reached with ordinary cells with a thickness in the range of 1–100 mm. The parameters of the Faraday rotation signal have been studied as functions of the temperature of the nanocell, the laser power, and the magnetic field strength. The signal has been reliably detected at the laser power P L ≥ 1 μW, magnetic field strength B ≥ 0.5 G, and the temperature of the nanocell T ≥ 100°C. It has been shown that the maximum rotation angle of the polarization plane in the longitudinal magnetic field is reached on the F g = 3 → F e = 2 transition of the 85Rb atom. The spectral profile of the Faraday rotation signal has a specific shape with a sharp peak, which promotes its applications. In particular, Rb atomic transitions in high magnetic fields about 1000 G are split into a large number of components, which are completely spectrally resolved and allow the study of the behavior of an individual transition.