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arXiv:2303.01655

Atomtronic superconducting quantum interference device in synthetic dimensions

Wenxi Lai, Yu-Quan Ma, Yi-Wen Wei

Published Mar 3, 2023• 0 citations
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Abstract

Coherence and scalability are essential properties of quantum systems required in quantum computers. This study presents a high coherent and scalable qubit system with atomtronics in synthetic dimensions. It is atomtronic counterpart of superconducting quantum interference device. Comparing with traditional superconducting quantum interference device which requires at least $2$-dimensional circuits, the synthetic dimensional superconducting quantum interference device can be realized only in $1$-dimensional circuits. The synthetic dimensional system is composed of Bose-Einstein condensate in two neighboring optical wells which is coupled to an external coherent light. Control parameter for the qubit is naturally provided by artificial magnetic flux originated from the coherent atom-light coupling. It should be a great advantage for the scalability and integration feature of quantum logic gates.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2303.01655

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Coherence and scalability are essential properties of quantum systems required in quantum computers. This study presents a high coherent and scalable qubit system with atomtronics in synthetic dimensions. It is atomtronic counterpart of superconducting quantum interference device. Comparing with traditional superconducting quantum interference device which requires at least 222-dimensional circuits, the synthetic dimensional superconducting quantum interference device can be realized only in 111-dimensional circuits. The synthetic dimensional system is composed of Bose-Einstein condensate in two neighboring optical wells which is coupled to an external coherent light. Control parameter for the qubit is naturally provided by artificial magnetic flux originated from the coherent atom-light coupling. It should be a great advantage for the scalability and integration feature of quantum logic gates.
Two classes of superconducting devices have been proposed as quantum bits (qubits) for realizing quantum logic operations. The flux qubits based on a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) appear to be particularly promising owing to the macroscopic nature of the qubit and potential integration with high-speed control circuitry in the form of rapid single-flux quantum electronics. Recent progress is discussed and near-term challenges mentioned. The radio frequency SQUID-based qubit offers a prospect for a reliably manufacturable scalable approach.
A hybrid quantum system is proposed by coupling the internal hyperfine transitions of a trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) via the macroscopic quantum field of the flux qubit. The presence of the condensate leads to a bosonic enhancement of the Rabi frequency over the otherwise small single-particle magnetic-dipole transition matrix elements. This enhancement makes it possible to rapidly transfer and store qubit states in the BEC that were originally prepared in the SQUID. The fidelity of this transfer for different states is calculated, and a direct experimental protocol to determine the transfer fidelity by quantum tomography of the BEC qubit is presented.
Atomtronic devices are matter-wave circuits designed to emulate the functional behavior of their electronic counterparts. Motivated by superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), atomic quantum interference devices (AQUIDs) have been developed using Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) confined in toroidal geometries. Here, we propose and numerically investigate an alternative implementation of an AQUID based on a BEC confined in a rotating-box potential. A ringlike topology is established by introducing a central depletion region via a repulsive potential barrier. We observe the hallmark AQUID feature—quantized phase winding that increases in discrete steps with angular velocity. Centrifugal effects induced by rotation degrade phase coherence and impair AQUID performance, which we mitigate by applying a counteracting harmonic confinement. Phase slips are found to be mediated by a vortex propagating from the central depletion zone to the edge of the condensate. To characterize the voltage response, we induce a bias current by translating the box along its long axis while keeping the central barrier fixed. This generates a density imbalance between the two reservoirs, exhibiting a periodic dependence on angular velocity—analogous to the voltage-flux relation in electronic SQUIDs. Our results demonstrate that rotating-box geometries provide a viable and flexible platform for realizing AQUIDs with controllable dynamics and well-defined response characteristics.
Synthetic frequency dimension offers a powerful approach to simulate lattice models and control photon dynamics. However, extending this concept into the quantum regime, particularly at the single-photon level, has remained challenging in photonic platforms. Here, we demonstrate quantum-state initialization and detection of single-photon evolutions within a synthetic frequency lattice by integrating a superconducting qubit with a 16-meter aluminum coaxial cable. A tunable superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based modulator is employed to synthesize lattice couplings and artificial gauge fields. We observe single-photon quantum random walks and Bloch oscillations, as well as nonadiabatic, unidirectional frequency conversion under rapid temporal modulation of the lattice Hamiltonian, together with band-structure measurements. The lattice connectivity can be readily reconfigured to construct higher-dimensional lattices using multiple drive tones. Our results establish superconducting quantum circuits as a versatile platform for programmable Hamiltonians and extensible synthetic lattices with flexible single-photon control.
The latest technological progress of achieving the ultrastrong-coupling regime in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems has greatly promoted the developments of quantum physics, where novel quantum optics phenomena and potential computational benefits have been predicted. Here, we propose a scheme to accelerate the nontrivial two-qubit phase gate in a circuit QED system, where superconducting flux qubits are ultrastrongly coupled to a transmission line resonator (TLR), and two more TLRs are coupled to the ultrastrongly-coupled system for assistant. The nontrivial unconventional geometric phase gate between the two flux qubits is achieved based on close-loop displacements of the three-mode intracavity fields. Moreover, as there are three resonators contributing to the phase accumulation, the requirement of the coupling strength to realize the two-qubit gate can be reduced. Further reduction in the coupling strength to achieve a specific controlled-phase gate can be realized by adding more auxiliary resonators to the ultrastrongly-coupled system through superconducting quantum interference devices. We also present a study of our scheme with realistic parameters considering imperfect controls and noisy environment. Our scheme possesses the merits of ultrafastness and noise-tolerance due to the advantages of geometric phases.
We present a way to realize an nnn-qubit controlled phase gate with superconducting quantum-interference devices (SQUIDs) by coupling them to a superconducting resonator. In this proposal, the two logical states of a qubit are represented by the two lowest levels of a SQUID. An intermediate level of each SQUID is utilized to facilitate coherent control and manipulation of quantum states of the qubits. It is interesting to note that an nnn-qubit controlled phase gate can be achieved with nnn SQUIDs by successively applying a $\ensuremath{\pi}∕2$ Jaynes-Cummings pulse to each of the $n\ensuremath{-}1$ control SQUIDs before and after a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ Jaynes-Cummings pulse on the target SQUID.