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arXiv:2302.13659 · Physical Review Research

Thermally induced local imbalance in repulsive binary Bose mixtures

Gerard Pascual, Gabriele La Spada, Sebastiano Pilati, S. Giorgini, Jordi Boronat

Published Sep 20, 2023• 2 citations
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Abstract

We study repulsive two-component Bose mixtures with equal populations and confined in a finite-size box through path-integral Monte Carlo simulations.For different values of the s-wave scattering length of the interspecies potential, we calculate the local population imbalance in a region of fixed volume inside the box at different temperatures.We find two different behaviors: For phase-separated states at T = 0, thermal effects induce a diffusion process which reduces the local imbalance, whereas for miscible states at T = 0, a maximum in the local population imbalance appears at a certain temperature, below the critical one.We show that this intriguing behavior is strongly related to the bunching effect associated with the Bose-Einstein statistics of the particles in the mixture and to an unexpected behavior of the cross pair distribution function.

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.5.l032041

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We study repulsive two-component Bose mixtures with equal populations and confined in a finite-size box through path-integral Monte Carlo simulations.For different values of the s-wave scattering length of the interspecies potential, we calculate the local population imbalance in a region of fixed volume inside the box at different temperatures.We find two different behaviors: For phase-separated states at T = 0, thermal effects induce a diffusion process which reduces the local imbalance, whereas for miscible states at T = 0, a maximum in the local population imbalance appears at a certain temperature, below the critical one.We show that this intriguing behavior is strongly related to the bunching effect associated with the Bose-Einstein statistics of the particles in the mixture and to an unexpected behavior of the cross pair distribution function.
This work reports studies of a mixture of two interacting Bose condensates in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry using a finite-temperature path-integral Monte Carlo method. For weakly interacting dilute gases, the interactions between atoms are modeled by a hard-sphere potential whose core radius equals its corresponding scattering length. The effect of both the temperature and the interspecies interaction on the static properties, such as the density profile and the superfluid fraction, is discussed. Our results show that for repulsive intra- and interspecies interactions, the presence of the interspecies interactions dramatically changes the structure of both the density profile and the superfluid fraction, and two species are seen to partially separate in space, and there is a finite-size effect on the phase separation between two partially separating Bose-Einstein condensates. In general, our results agree with the theoretical predictions and experimental observations.
We investigate the magnetic behavior of finite-temperature repulsive two-component Bose mixtures by means of exact path-integral Monte-Carlo simulations. Novel algorithms are implemented for the free energy and the chemical potential of the two components. Results on the magnetic susceptibility suggest that the conditions for phase separation are not modified from the zero temperature case. This contradicts previous predictions based on approximate theories. We also determine the temperature dependence of the chemical potential and the contact parameters for experimentally relevant balanced mixtures.
We consider the ground states of binary atomic boson-boson and fermion-fermion mixtures confined in one-dimensional box potentials by simulating the systems using few-body models with $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function interactions and many-body models with density-density interactions. For boson-boson mixtures with strong interspecies repulsion, both models show sandwiched structures in the presence of mass imbalance but not in the equal-mass case. The structural difference between equal-mass and mass-imbalanced systems is due to the minimization of the interaction energy and the kinetic energies from the density distortion at the hard walls and at the phase-separation interface. The mass imbalance adjusts the kinetic energies and causes the lighter species to avoid the hard walls. For fermion-fermion mixtures, few-body simulations show mass-imbalance-induced structural changes in the strong-repulsion regime, while many-body simulations show two-chunk phase separation due to the strong bulk kinetic energy. For equal-mass mixtures with strong interspecies repulsion, the few-body and many-body models predict different structures because of the different treatments of kinetic and interaction energies.
(English) This Thesis explores the behavior of impurities embedded in Bose and Fermi systems, addressing both ground-state properties and thermal effects. We investigate these phenomena through advanced computational methods, such as Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) and determinant diagrammatic Monte Carlo algorithms, providing insights into the interplay between impurity dynamics and many-body quantum effects. First, we examine the Bose polaron, i.e., an impurity in a Bose bath, focusing on its behavior near the critical temperature. Using ab-initio PIMC simulations, we study the temperature dependence of the polaron energy, effective mass, and dynamic structure factor for both repulsive and attractive branches. Our results show that quasiparticle characteristics are lost near the critical temperature, consistent with experimental findings. Additionally, we analyze the impact of impurities on the Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity of the Bose bath. Next, we address the thermal properties of repulsive impurities in a harmonically trapped Bose gas. At low temperatures, strong impurity-boson repulsion expels the impurity to the trap edges, but increasing temperature induces a miscibility crossover, with the impurity moving to the center of the trap. We identify a temperature-dependent miscibility transition and propose a nondestructive method for temperature measurement based on this phenomenon. We then study two-component repulsive Bose mixtures in a finite box. Our PIMC simulations reveal two distinct thermal behaviors: for phase-separated states at zero temperature, thermal diffusion reduces local population imbalance, while for miscible states, a temperature-induced maximum in local imbalance emerges due to particle bunching and anomalous cross pair distribution behavior. Finally, we analyze a two-dimensional Fermi gas on a lattice with a spin-down impurity interacting attractively with spin-up fermions. Using variational and diagrammatic Monte Carlo methods, we investigate the possibility of a polaron-to-dimeron transition over a range of filling fractions. Our results show that the polaron state remains energetically favorable, maintaining finite quasiparticle residue even at strong interactions. Together, these studies deepen our understanding of impurity physics in quantum systems, shedding light on thermal effects, miscibility, and quasiparticle properties in diverse scenarios. (Català) Aquesta Tesi explora el comportament de les impureses en sistemes bosònics i fermiònics abordant tant les propietats de l'estat fonamental com els efectes tèrmics. Investiguem aquests fenòmens mitjançant mètodes computacionals avançats, com eel Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) i el determinant diagrammatic Monte Carlo, proporcionant informació sobre la interacció entre la dinàmica de les impureses i els efectes quàntics de molts cossos. En primer lloc, examinem el polaró de Bose, és a dir, una impuresa en un bany tèrmic de bosons, centrant-nos en el seu comportament prop de la temperatura crítica. Mitjançant simulacions ab initio amb el PIMC, estudiem la dependència amb la temperatura de l'energia del polaró, la massa efectiva i el factor de estructura dinàmic per a les branques repulsives i atractives. Els nostres resultats mostren que les característiques del quasi-partícula es perden prop de la temperatura crítica, en concordança amb els resultats experimentals. A més, analitzem l'impacte de les impureses en el condensat de Bose-Einstein i en la superfluïdesa del gas de bosons. A continuació, abordem les propietats tèrmiques de les impureses repulsives en un gas de bosons atrapat harmònicament. A temperatures baixes, una forta repulsió entre la impuresa i els bosons expulsa la primera cap a les vores de la trampa mentre que, al incrementar la temperatura, es produeix un canvi de miscibilitat i la impuresa es desplaça cap al centre de la trampa. Identifiquem una transició de miscibilitat dependent de la temperatura i proposem un mètode no destructiu per a la mesura de la temperatura en experiments. També estudiem mescles repulsives de bosons de dues components en una caixa finita. Les nostres simulacions PIMC revelen dos comportaments tèrmics diferenciats: per a estats separats a temperatura zero, la difusió tèrmica incrementa la miscibilitat, mentre que, per a estats miscibles, emergeix un màxim de separació local induït per la temperatura a causa del efecte de bunching propi del condensat. Finalment, analitzem un gas de Fermi bidimensional en una xarxa amb una impuresa de diferent spin down que interacciona atractivament amb fermions de spin up. Utilitzant mètodes variacionals i de Monte Carlo diagramàtic, investiguem la possibilitat d'una transició de polaró a dimeró. Els nostres resultats mostren que l'estat de polaró continua sent energèticament favorable, mantenint un residu de quasi-partícula finit fins i tot en interaccions fortes. En conjunt, aquests estudis aprofundeixen en la comprensió de la física de les impureses en sistemes quàntics, aportant llum sobre els efectes tèrmics, la miscibilitat i les propietats de les quasi-partícules en diversos escenaris. (Español) Esta Tesis explora el comportamiento de las impurezas en sistemas bosónicos y fermiónicos, abordando tanto las propiedades del estado fundamental como los efectos térmicos. Investigamos estos fenómenos mediante métodos computacionales avanzados, como el Path Integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) y el determinant diagrammatic Monte Carlo, proporcionando información sobre la interacción entre la dinámica de las impurezas y los efectos cuánticos de muchos cuerpos. En primer lugar, examinamos el polarón de Bose, es decir, una impureza en un baño térmico de bosones, centrándonos en su comportamiento cerca de la temperatura crítica. Mediante simulaciones ab initio con el PIMC, estudiamos la dependencia con la temperatura de la energía del polarón, la masa efectiva y el factor de estructura dinámico para las ramas repulsivas y atractivas. Nuestros resultados muestran que las características de la cuasipartícula se pierden cerca de la temperatura crítica, en concordancia con los resultados experimentales. Además, analizamos el impacto de las impurezas en el condensado de Bose-Einstein y en la superfluidez del gas de bosones. A continuación, abordamos las propiedades térmicas de las impurezas repulsivas en un gas de bosones atrapado armónicamente. A bajas temperaturas, una fuerte repulsión entre la impureza y los bosones expulsa a la primera hacia los bordes de la trampa, mientras que, al aumentar la temperatura, se produce un cambio de miscibilidad y la impureza se desplaza hacia el centro de la trampa. Identificamos una transición de miscibilidad dependiente de la temperatura y proponemos un método no destructivo para la medición de la temperatura en experimentos. También estudiamos mezclas repulsivas de bosones de dos componentes en una caja finita. Nuestras simulaciones PIMC revelan dos comportamientos térmicos diferenciados: para estados separados a temperatura cero, la difusión térmica incrementa la miscibilidad, mientras que, para estados miscibles, emerge un máximo de separación local inducido por la temperatura debido al efecto de bunching propio del condensado. Finalmente, analizamos un gas de Fermi bidimensional en una red con una impureza de spin down que interacciona atractivamente con fermiones de spin up. Utilizando métodos variacionales y de Monte Carlo diagramático, investigamos la posibilidad de una transición de polarón a dimerón. Nuestros resultados muestran que el estado de polarón sigue siendo energéticamente favorable, manteniendo un residuo de cuasipartícula finito incluso en interacciones fuertes. En conjunto, estos estudios profundizan en la comprensión de la física de las impurezas en sistemas cuánticos, arrojando luz sobre los efectos térmicos, la miscibilidad y las propiedades de las cuasipartículas en diversos escenarios.
The pairing and superfluid phenomena in a two-component Fermi gas can be strongly affected by the population and mass imbalances. Here we present phase diagrams of an atomic Fermi-Fermi mixture as they undergo BCS--Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) crossover using a pairing fluctuation theory. We focus on the finite temperature and trap effects, with an emphasis on the mixture of 6{}^{6}6Li and 40{}^{40}40K. We show that there exist exotic types of phase separation in the (near-)BEC regime, associated with a pseudogap effect. Moreover, in the BCS and unitary regimes, the spatial density and gap profiles exhibit sandwichlike shell structures with superfluid or pseudogapped normal state in the middle shell. Such a sandwichlike shell structure appears when the mass imbalance increases beyond a certain threshold. Our result is relevant to future experiments on the 6{}^{6}6Li-40{}^{40}40K and other possible Fermi-Fermi mixtures.
Multicomponent quantum gases are ideal platforms to study fundamental phenomena arising from the mutual interaction between different constituents. Particularly, due to the repulsive interactions between two species, the system may exhibit a phase separation. We develop a mean-field-based theory for a two-component Bose mixture, which is equivalent to the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation, and derive analytical expressions for the phase boundary and miscibility. The majority of existing theories, which are valid only for weakly interacting Bose gases, predict that the phase boundary is determined by the criterion ${g}_{ab}\ensuremath{\leqslant}\sqrt{{g}_{aa}{g}_{bb}}$ (where gab{g}_{ab}gab​ is a coupling constant between the components aaa and bbb). We show that in the Bose-Einstein condensation phase ($T\ensuremath{\leqslant}{T}_{c}$) the system may remain in a stable and miscible phase also for larger values of gab{g}_{ab}gab​, depending on the gas parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and temperature.