The Adiabatic Gauge Potential (AGP) is the generator of adiabatic deformations between quantum eigenstates. There are many ways to construct the AGP operator and evaluate the AGP norm. Recently, it was proposed that a Gram-Schmidt-type algorithm can be used to explicitly evaluate the expression of the AGP. We employ a version of this approach by using the Lanczos algorithm to evaluate the AGP operator in terms of Krylov vectors and the AGP norm in terms of the Lanczos coefficients. It has the advantage of minimizing redundancies in evaluating the nested commutators in the analytic expression for the AGP operator. The algorithm is used to explicitly construct the AGP operator for some simple systems. We derive an integral transform relation between the AGP norm and the autocorrelation function of the deformation operator. We present a modification of the Variational approach to derive the regulated AGP norm. Using this, we approximate the AGP to varying degrees of success. Finally, we compare and contrast the quantum-chaos-probing capacities of the AGP and K-complexity in view of the Operator Growth Hypothesis.
The Adiabatic Gauge Potential (AGP) is the generator of adiabatic deformations between quantum eigenstates. There are many ways to construct the AGP operator and evaluate the AGP norm. Recently, it was proposed that a Gram-Schmidt-type algorithm can be used to explicitly evaluate the expression of the AGP. We employ a version of this approach by using the Lanczos algorithm to evaluate the AGP operator in terms of Krylov vectors and the AGP norm in terms of the Lanczos coefficients. It has the advantage of minimizing redundancies in evaluating the nested commutators in the analytic expression for the AGP operator. The algorithm is used to explicitly construct the AGP operator for some simple systems. We derive an integral transform relation between the AGP norm and the autocorrelation function of the deformation operator. We present a modification of the Variational approach to derive the regulated AGP norm. Using this, we approximate the AGP to varying degrees of success. Finally, we compare and contrast the quantum-chaos-probing capacities of the AGP and K-complexity in view of the Operator Growth Hypothesis.
We revisit the problem of integrability breaking in free fermionic quantum spin chains. We investigate the so-called adiabatic gauge potential (AGP), which was recently proposed as an accurate probe of quantum chaos. We also study the so-called weak integrability breaking, which occurs if the dynamical effects of the perturbation do not appear at leading order in the perturbing parameter. A recent statement in the literature claimed that integrability breaking should generally lead to an exponential growth of the AGP norm with respect to the volume. However, afterwards it was found that weak integrability breaking is a counter-example, leading to a cross-over between polynomial and exponential growth. Here we show that in free fermionic systems the AGP norm always grows polynomially, if the perturbation is local with respect to the fermions, even if the perturbation strongly breaks integrability. As a by-product of our computations we also find, that in free fermionic spin chains there are operators which weakly break integrability, but which are not associated with known long range deformations.
Counterdiabatic driving provides a universal route to fast quantum control, but its standard formulation presupposes a Hamiltonian generator. We develop a Hamiltonian-free theory of the adiabatic gauge potential (AGP) for parameter-dependent unitary operators Uλ. Exact and regularized versions of the AGP follow from a Hermitian, banded linear system at a cost comparable to the Lanczos construction in the Hermitian case, requiring neither diagonalization nor a matrix logarithm. We demonstrate rapid convergence of the truncated Krylov approximation for the kicked top and for an integrable brickwork circuit built from unitary Rˇ matrices, a setting in which no local effective Hamiltonian is available. Our results extend shortcuts to adiabaticity, and AGP-based diagnostics of chaos, to Floquet systems and quantum circuits.
Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) reproduce adiabatic dynamics in finite time, but their counterdiabatic implementation relies on the adiabatic gauge potential (AGP), which is difficult to compute and implement in many-body systems and whose extension to open and non-Hermitian settings has remained largely model-specific. Here, we develop a general, diagonalization-free framework for engineering STA in non-Hermitian systems by representing the AGP in Krylov space. Starting from an integral representation of the counterdiabatic control, we recast the AGP as a nested-commutator series with controlled locality and generate the associated Krylov basis using the bi-Lanczos and Arnoldi algorithms. This reduces the exact or truncated AGP to a sparse tridiagonal or upper-Hessenberg matrix equation that generalizes the Hermitian construction. We demonstrate the method on a decaying two-level atom, where it recovers the exact drive and signals the exceptional point; on the interacting Hatano-Nelson model, where truncated controls rapidly suppress nonadiabatic excitations; and on a PT-symmetric Heisenberg chain, whose AGP norm detects the PT-symmetry-breaking transition. Throughout, the expansion converges with only a small fraction of the full Krylov space, offering a practical route to fast, accurate control of many-body non-Hermitian systems.
In the last few decades, the study of many-body quantum systems far from equilibrium has risen to prominence, with exciting developments on both experimental and theoretical physics fronts. In this dissertation, we will focus particularly on the adiabatic gauge potential (AGP), which is the generator of adiabatic deformations between quantum eigenstates and also related to "fidelity susceptibility", as our lens into the general phenomenon. In the first two projects, the AGP is studied in the context of counter-diabatic driving protocols which present a way of generating adiabatic dynamics at an arbitrary pace. This is quite useful as adiabatic evolution, which is a common strategy for manipulating quantum states, is inherently a slow process and is, therefore, susceptible to noise and decoherence from the environment. However, obtaining and implementing the AGP in many-body systems is a formidable task, requiring knowledge of the spectral properties of the instantaneous Hamiltonians and control of highly nonlocal multibody interactions. We show how an approximate gauge potential can be systematically built up as a series of nested commutators, remaining well-defined in the thermodynamic limit. Furthermore, the resulting counter-diabatic driving protocols can be realized up to arbitrary order without leaving the available control space using tools from periodically-driven (Floquet) systems. In the first project, this driving protocol was successfully implemented on the electronic spin of a nitrogen vacancy in diamond as a proof of concept and in the second project, it was extended to many-body systems, where it was shown the resulting Floquet protocols significantly suppress dissipation and provide a drastic increase in fidelity. In the third project, the AGP is studied in the context of quantum chaos wherein it is found to be an extremely sensitive probe. We are able to detect transitions from non-ergodic to ergodic behavior at perturbation strengths orders of magnitude smaller than those required for standard measures. Using this alternative probe in two generic classes of spin chains, we show that the chaotic threshold decreases exponentially with system size and that one can immediately detect integrability-breaking (chaotic) perturbations by analyzing infinitesimal perturbations even at the integrable point. In some cases, small integrability-breaking is shown to lead to anomalously slow relaxation of the system, exponentially long in system size. This work paves the way for further studies in various areas such as quantum computation, quantum state preparation and quantum chaos.
Shortcuts to adiabaticity provide fast protocols for quantum state preparation in which the use of auxiliary counterdiabatic controls circumvents the requirement of slow driving in adiabatic strategies. While their development is well established in simple systems, their engineering and implementation are challenging in many-body quantum systems with many degrees of freedom. We show that the equation for the counterdiabatic term—equivalently, the adiabatic gauge potential—is solved by introducing a Krylov basis. The Krylov basis spans the minimal operator subspace in which the dynamics unfolds and provides an efficient way to construct the counterdiabatic term. We apply our strategy to paradigmatic single- and many-particle models. The properties of the counterdiabatic term are reflected in the Lanczos coefficients obtained in the course of the construction of the Krylov basis by an algorithmic method. We examine how the expansion in the Krylov basis incorporates many-body interactions in the counterdiabatic term. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
In the past decades, it was recognized that quantum chaos, which is essential for the emergence of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, manifests itself in the effective description of the eigenstates of chaotic Hamiltonians through random matrix ensembles and the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.Standard measures of chaos in quantum many-body systems are level statistics and the spectral form factor.In this work, we show that the norm of the adiabatic gauge potential, the generator of adiabatic deformations between eigenstates, serves as a much more sensitive measure of quantum chaos.We are able to detect transitions from integrable to chaotic behavior at perturbation strengths orders of magnitude smaller than those required for standard measures.Using this alternative probe in two generic classes of spin chains, we show that the chaotic threshold decreases exponentially with system size and that one can immediately detect integrability-breaking (chaotic) perturbations by analyzing infinitesimal perturbations even at the integrable point.In some cases, small integrability breaking is shown to lead to anomalously slow relaxation of the system, exponentially long in system size.