Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2301.00575 · Physical Review A

Noise-resistant quantum memory enabled by Hamiltonian engineering

Lei Jing, Peng Dong Du, Hui Tang, Wenxian Zhang

Published Jan 3, 2023• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Nuclear spins in quantum dots are promising candidates for fast and scalable quantum memory. By utilizing the hyperfine interaction between the central electron and its surrounding nuclei, quantum information can be transferred to the collective state of the nuclei and stored for a long time. However, nuclear spin fluctuations in a partially polarized nuclear bath degrade the quantum memory fidelity. Here, we introduce a noise-resistant protocol to realize fast and high-fidelity quantum memory through Hamiltonian engineering. With analytics and numerics, we show that a high-fidelity quantum state transfer between the electron and the nuclear spins is achievable at relatively low nuclear polarizations, due to the strong suppression of nuclear spin noises. For a realistic quantum dot with ${10}^{4}$ nuclear spins, a fidelity surpassing 80% is possible at a polarization as low as 30%. Our approach reduces the demand for high nuclear polarization, making experimentally realizing quantum memory in quantum dots more feasible.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.107.012601

Related papers

Decoherence of Nuclear Spin Quantum Memory in a Quantum Dot

C. Deng, Xuan Hu

Recently, an ensemble of nuclear spins in a quantum dot have been proposed as a long-lived quantum memory. A quantum state of an electron spin in the dot can be faithfully transfered into nuclear spins through controlled hyperfine coupling. Here we study the decoherence of this memory due to nuclear spin dipolar coupling and inhomogeneous hyperfine interaction during the storage period. We calculated the maximum fidelity of writing, storing, and reading operations. Our results show that nuclear spin dynamics can severely limit the performance of the proposed device for quantum information processing and storage based on nuclear spins.

arXiv:cond-mat/0406478•IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology•Jan 1, 2005•7 citations

Qubit Protection in Nuclear-Spin Quantum Dot Memories

Z. Kurucz, Martin W. Sørensen, Jacob M. Taylor +2 more

We present a mechanism to protect quantum information stored in an ensemble of nuclear spins in a semiconductor quantum dot. When the dot is charged the nuclei interact with the spin of the excess electron through the hyperfine coupling. If this coupling is made off-resonant, it leads to an energy gap between the collective storage states and all other states. We show that the energy gap protects the quantum memory from local spin-flip and spin-dephasing noise. Effects of nonperfect initial spin polarization and inhomogeneous hyperfine coupling are discussed.

arXiv:0902.4566•Physical Review Letters•Jul 2, 2009•48 citations

High-fidelity quantum memory utilizing inhomogeneous nuclear polarization in a quantum dot

Wenkui Ding, Anqi Shi, J. Q. You +1 more

We numerically investigate the encoding and retrieval processes for quantum memory realized in a semiconductor quantum dot by focusing on the effect of inhomogeneously polarized nuclear spins whose polarization depends on the local hyperfine coupling strength. We find that the performance of quantum memory is significantly improved by inhomogeneous nuclear polarization, as compared with homogeneous nuclear polarization. Moreover, the narrower the nuclear polarization distribution is, the better is the performance of the quantum memory. We ascribe the improvement in performance to the full harnessing of the highly polarized and strongly coupled nuclear spins by carefully studying the entropy change of individual nuclear spins during the encoding process. Our results shed light on the implementation of quantum memory in a quantum dot.

arXiv:1407.7242•Physical Review B•Dec 11, 2014•14 citations

Collective Quantum Memory Activated by a Driven Central Spin

Emil V. Denning, Dorian A. Gangloff, Mete Atatüre +2 more

Coupling a qubit coherently to an ensemble is the basis for collective quantum memories. A single driven electron in a quantum dot can deterministically excite low-energy collective modes of a nuclear spin ensemble in the presence of lattice strain. We propose to gate a quantum state transfer between this central electron and these low-energy excitations-spin waves-in the presence of a strong magnetic field, where the nuclear coherence time is long. We develop a microscopic theory capable of calculating the exact time evolution of the strained electron-nuclear system. With this, we evaluate the operation of quantum state storage and show that fidelities up to 90% can be reached with a modest nuclear polarization of only 50%. These findings demonstrate that strain-enabled nuclear spin waves are a highly suitable candidate for quantum memory.

arXiv:1904.11180•Physical Review Letters•Oct 2, 2019•54 citations

Storing quantum coherence in a quantum dot nuclear spin ensemble for over 100 milliseconds

Harry E. Dyte, Santanu Manna, Saimon Filipe Covre da Silva +2 more

States with long coherence are a crucial requirement for qubits and quantum memories. Nuclear spins in epitaxial GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots are a great candidate, offering excellent isolation from external environments and on-demand coupling to optical flying qubits. However, coherence times are limited to ≲ 1 ms by the dipole-dipole interactions between the nuclei and by the nuclear quadrupolar coupling to inhomogeneous crystal strain. Here, we combine strain engineering of the nuclear spin ensemble and tailored dynamical decoupling sequences to achieve nuclear spin coherence times exceeding 100 ms. Recently, a reversible transfer of quantum information into nuclear spin ensembles has been demonstrated in quantum dots: our results provide a path to develop this concept into a functioning solid-state quantum memory suitable for quantum repeaters in optical quantum communication networks.

arXiv:2502.11092•Nature Communications•Dec 4, 2025•8 citations

Noise-resilient and Scalable Quantum Error Correction for Nuclear Spin Qubits in Silicon with Electron Shuttling

Wayne M. Witzel, Matthew D. Grace, Dwight R. Luhman

Nuclear spin qubits in silicon are well-isolated from their environment. Consequently, they have very long lifetimes and low sensitivity to noise, but this also suggests that control and measurement is challenging. We introduce electron pair interferometry (EPI), a protocol to overcome this challenge and maintain robustness to noise. EPI is implemented using an array of quantum dots with isoelectronic nuclear spin qubits located in the dots. A pair of electrons are initialized into a singlet ground state, split apart, and shuttled to the dots containing nuclear spin qubits. We show it is possible to coherently transfer the parity of the nuclei onto the measurable state of singlet/triplet-encoded electrons. Global nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be used to change bases and implement dynamical decoupling (DD). Combined with selective hyperfine-induced $Z_π$ rotations, our gate set is complete for universal quantum computation, tailored to Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) quantum error correction, and robust to noise. We discuss very low sensitivity to charge noise and study the sensitivity to both DC and AC magnetic field inhomogeneity which depends strongly on their relative strengths.

quant-pharXiv:2607.27527•Jul 31, 2026•0 citations
Nuclear spins in quantum dots are promising candidates for fast and scalable quantum memory. By utilizing the hyperfine interaction between the central electron and its surrounding nuclei, quantum information can be transferred to the collective state of the nuclei and stored for a long time. However, nuclear spin fluctuations in a partially polarized nuclear bath degrade the quantum memory fidelity. Here, we introduce a noise-resistant protocol to realize fast and high-fidelity quantum memory through Hamiltonian engineering. With analytics and numerics, we show that a high-fidelity quantum state transfer between the electron and the nuclear spins is achievable at relatively low nuclear polarizations, due to the strong suppression of nuclear spin noises. For a realistic quantum dot with 104{10}^{4}104 nuclear spins, a fidelity surpassing 80% is possible at a polarization as low as 30%. Our approach reduces the demand for high nuclear polarization, making experimentally realizing quantum memory in quantum dots more feasible.
Recently, an ensemble of nuclear spins in a quantum dot have been proposed as a long-lived quantum memory. A quantum state of an electron spin in the dot can be faithfully transfered into nuclear spins through controlled hyperfine coupling. Here we study the decoherence of this memory due to nuclear spin dipolar coupling and inhomogeneous hyperfine interaction during the storage period. We calculated the maximum fidelity of writing, storing, and reading operations. Our results show that nuclear spin dynamics can severely limit the performance of the proposed device for quantum information processing and storage based on nuclear spins.
We present a mechanism to protect quantum information stored in an ensemble of nuclear spins in a semiconductor quantum dot. When the dot is charged the nuclei interact with the spin of the excess electron through the hyperfine coupling. If this coupling is made off-resonant, it leads to an energy gap between the collective storage states and all other states. We show that the energy gap protects the quantum memory from local spin-flip and spin-dephasing noise. Effects of nonperfect initial spin polarization and inhomogeneous hyperfine coupling are discussed.
We numerically investigate the encoding and retrieval processes for quantum memory realized in a semiconductor quantum dot by focusing on the effect of inhomogeneously polarized nuclear spins whose polarization depends on the local hyperfine coupling strength. We find that the performance of quantum memory is significantly improved by inhomogeneous nuclear polarization, as compared with homogeneous nuclear polarization. Moreover, the narrower the nuclear polarization distribution is, the better is the performance of the quantum memory. We ascribe the improvement in performance to the full harnessing of the highly polarized and strongly coupled nuclear spins by carefully studying the entropy change of individual nuclear spins during the encoding process. Our results shed light on the implementation of quantum memory in a quantum dot.
Coupling a qubit coherently to an ensemble is the basis for collective quantum memories. A single driven electron in a quantum dot can deterministically excite low-energy collective modes of a nuclear spin ensemble in the presence of lattice strain. We propose to gate a quantum state transfer between this central electron and these low-energy excitations-spin waves-in the presence of a strong magnetic field, where the nuclear coherence time is long. We develop a microscopic theory capable of calculating the exact time evolution of the strained electron-nuclear system. With this, we evaluate the operation of quantum state storage and show that fidelities up to 90% can be reached with a modest nuclear polarization of only 50%. These findings demonstrate that strain-enabled nuclear spin waves are a highly suitable candidate for quantum memory.
States with long coherence are a crucial requirement for qubits and quantum memories. Nuclear spins in epitaxial GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots are a great candidate, offering excellent isolation from external environments and on-demand coupling to optical flying qubits. However, coherence times are limited to ≲ 1 ms by the dipole-dipole interactions between the nuclei and by the nuclear quadrupolar coupling to inhomogeneous crystal strain. Here, we combine strain engineering of the nuclear spin ensemble and tailored dynamical decoupling sequences to achieve nuclear spin coherence times exceeding 100 ms. Recently, a reversible transfer of quantum information into nuclear spin ensembles has been demonstrated in quantum dots: our results provide a path to develop this concept into a functioning solid-state quantum memory suitable for quantum repeaters in optical quantum communication networks.
Nuclear spin qubits in silicon are well-isolated from their environment. Consequently, they have very long lifetimes and low sensitivity to noise, but this also suggests that control and measurement is challenging. We introduce electron pair interferometry (EPI), a protocol to overcome this challenge and maintain robustness to noise. EPI is implemented using an array of quantum dots with isoelectronic nuclear spin qubits located in the dots. A pair of electrons are initialized into a singlet ground state, split apart, and shuttled to the dots containing nuclear spin qubits. We show it is possible to coherently transfer the parity of the nuclei onto the measurable state of singlet/triplet-encoded electrons. Global nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be used to change bases and implement dynamical decoupling (DD). Combined with selective hyperfine-induced ZπZ_πZπ​ rotations, our gate set is complete for universal quantum computation, tailored to Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) quantum error correction, and robust to noise. We discuss very low sensitivity to charge noise and study the sensitivity to both DC and AC magnetic field inhomogeneity which depends strongly on their relative strengths.