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arXiv:2212.12248

Atom Interferometry with the Rb Blue Transitions

Leonardo Salvi, Guglielmo Maria Tino, L. Cacciapuoti, G. Rosi

Published Dec 23, 2022• 0 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate a novel scheme for Raman-pulse and Bragg-pulse atom interferometry based on the $5\mathrm{S} - 6\mathrm{P}$ blue transitions of $^{87}$Rb that provides an increase by a factor $\sim 2$ of the interferometer phase due to accelerations with respect to the commonly used infrared transition at 780 nm. A narrow-linewidth laser system generating more than 1 W of light in the 420-422 nm range was developed for this purpose. Used as a cold-atom gravity gradiometer, our Raman interferometer attains a stability to differential acceleration measurements of $1\times10^{-8}$ $g$ at 1 s and $2\times 10^{-10}$ $g$ after 2000 s of integration time. When operated on first-order Bragg transitions, the interferometer shows a stability of $6\times10^{-8}$ g at 1 s, averaging to $1\times10^{-9}$ g after 2000 s of integration time. The instrument sensitivity, currently limited by the noise due to spontaneous emission, can be further improved by increasing the laser power and the detuning from the atomic resonance. The present scheme is attractive for high-precision experiments as, in particular, for the determination of the Newtonian gravitational constant.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2212.12248

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We demonstrate a novel scheme for Raman-pulse and Bragg-pulse atom interferometry based on the 5S-6P blue transitions of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb that provides an increase by a factor $\ensuremath{\sim}2$ of the interferometer phase due to accelerations with respect to the commonly used infrared transition at 780 nm. A narrow-linewidth laser system generating more than 1 W of light in the 420--422 nm range was developed for this purpose. Used as a cold-atom gravity gradiometer, our Raman interferometer attains a stability to differential acceleration measurements of $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}\text{ }\text{ }g$ at 1 s and $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}\text{ }\text{ }g$ after 2000 s of integration time. When operated on first-order Bragg transitions, the interferometer shows a stability of $6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}\text{ }\text{ }g$ at 1 s, averaging to $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}\text{ }\text{ }g$ after 2000 s of integration time. The instrument sensitivity, currently limited by the noise due to spontaneous emission, can be further improved by increasing the laser power and the detuning from the atomic resonance. The present scheme is attractive for high-precision experiments as, in particular, for the determination of the Newtonian gravitational constant.
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We evaluate the sensitivity of a dual cloud atom interferometer to the measurement of vertical gravity gradient. We study the influence of most relevant experimental parameters on noise and long term drifts. Results are also applied to the case of doubly differential measurements of the gravitational signal from local source masses. We achieve a short-term sensitivity of $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ g/Hz\sqrt{\text{Hz}}Hz​ to differential gravity acceleration, limited by the quantum projection noise of the instrument. Active control of the most critical parameters allows us to reach a resolution of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ g after 8000 s on the measurement of differential gravity acceleration. The long-term stability is compatible with a measurement of the gravitational constant GGG at the level of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ after an integration time of about 100 h.
We present a precision gravimeter based on coherent Bragg diffraction of freely falling cold atoms. Traditionally, atomic gravimeters have used stimulated Raman transitions to separate clouds in momentum space by driving transitions between two internal atomic states. Bragg interferometers utilize only a single internal state, and can therefore be less susceptible to environmental perturbations. Here we show that atoms extracted from a magneto-optical trap using an accelerating optical lattice are a suitable source for a Bragg atom interferometer, allowing efficient beamsplitting and subsequent separation of momentum states for detection. Despite the inherently multi-state nature of atom diffraction, we are able to build a Mach–Zehnder interferometer using Bragg scattering which achieves a sensitivity to the gravitational acceleration of Δ g / g = 2.7 × 10 −9 with an integration time of 1000 s. The device can also be converted to a gravity gradiometer by a simple modification of the light pulse sequence.
Abstract We characterize the performance of a gravimeter and a gravity gradiometer based on the 1S0–3P0 clock transition of strontium atoms. We use this new quantum sensor to measure the gravitational acceleration with a relative sensitivity of after 150 s of integration time, representing the first realisation of an atomic interferometry gravimeter based on a single-photon transition. Various noise contributions to the gravimeter are measured and characterized, with the current primary limitation to sensitivity seen to be the intrinsic noise of the interferometry laser itself. In a gravity gradiometer configuration, a differential phase sensitivity of 1.53 rad was achieved at an artificially introduced differential phase of rad. We experimentally investigated the effects of the contrast and visibility based on various parameters and achieved a total interferometry time of 30 ms, which is longer than previously reported for such interferometers. The characterization and determined limitations of the present apparatus employing 88Sr atoms provides a guidance for the future development of large-scale clock-transition gravimeters and gravity gradiometers with alkali-earth and alkali-earth-like atoms (e.g. 87Sr, Ca, Yb, Cd).