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arXiv:2211.12667 · Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

Joint Secure Communication and Radar Beamforming: A Secrecy‐Estimation Rate‐Based Design

Rong Wen, Ying Zhang, Qiang Li, Youxi Tang

Published Jan 1, 2022• 4 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

This paper considers transmit beamforming in dual‐function radar‐communication (DFRC) system, where a DFRC transmitter simultaneously communicates with a communication user and detects a malicious target with the same waveform. Since the waveform is embedded with information, the information is risked to be intercepted by the target. To address this problem, physical‐layer security technique is exploited. By using secrecy rate and estimation rate as performance measure for communication and radar, respectively, three secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problems are formulated, including the SRM with and without artificial noise (AN) and robust SRM. For the SRM beamforming, we prove that the optimal beamformer can be computed in closed form. For the AN‐aided SRM, by leveraging alternating optimization, similar closed‐form solution is obtained for the beamformer and the AN covariance matrix. Finally, the imperfect CSI of the target is also considered under the premise of a moment‐based random phase‐error model on the direction of arrival at the target. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of the proposed designs.

DOI
10.1155/2022/3826937

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This paper considers transmit beamforming in dual‐function radar‐communication (DFRC) system, where a DFRC transmitter simultaneously communicates with a communication user and detects a malicious target with the same waveform. Since the waveform is embedded with information, the information is risked to be intercepted by the target. To address this problem, physical‐layer security technique is exploited. By using secrecy rate and estimation rate as performance measure for communication and radar, respectively, three secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problems are formulated, including the SRM with and without artificial noise (AN) and robust SRM. For the SRM beamforming, we prove that the optimal beamformer can be computed in closed form. For the AN‐aided SRM, by leveraging alternating optimization, similar closed‐form solution is obtained for the beamformer and the AN covariance matrix. Finally, the imperfect CSI of the target is also considered under the premise of a moment‐based random phase‐error model on the direction of arrival at the target. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of the proposed designs.
This letter addresses a security concern of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) system where the target is regarded as a potential eavesdropper. A non-convex optimization problem of ergodic secrecy rate maximization is formulated under the transmit power constraint and the transmit waveform similarity constraint. By using the large-system analysis results and Taylor series approximation, we derive a closed-form optimal transmit covariance matrix, which only depends on statistical channel state information (CSI) and facilitates the trade-off between ergodic secrecy rate and radar beampattern. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) gives the new paradigm for the secure communication design. In this paper, the dual-functional radar communication (DFRC) enabled physical layer security (PLS) is investigated. Specifically, we propose the novel Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) based statistical imperfect channel state information (CSIC) model, which integrates the radar CRB into the statistical imperfect CSI model based on the second-order moment. Further, the CSIC based PLS optimization model is proposed, where the expectation of the secrecy rate is maximized under the PLS requirement and the radar CRB based constraint. The corresponding CSIC semidefinite relaxation (CSIC-SDR) based iteration algorithm is developed to achieve the beamforming design with the aid of one-dimension search of the optimal CRB based sensing measure. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed CSIC-SDR outperforms the norm-bound CSI based and circularly symmetric complex Gaussian distribution CSI based beamforming designs in terms of the PLS performance.
We study security solutions for dual-functional radar communication (DFRC) systems, which detect the radar target and communicate with downlink cellular users in millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless networks simultaneously. Uniquely for such scenarios, the radar target is regarded as a potential eavesdropper which might surveil the information sent from the base station (BS) to communication users (CUs), that is carried by the radar probing signal. Transmit waveform and receive beamforming are jointly designed to maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the radar under the security and power budget constraints. We apply a Directional Modulation (DM) approach to exploit constructive interference (CI), where the known multiuser interference (MUI) can be exploited as a source of useful signal. Moreover, to further deteriorate the eavesdropping signal at the radar target, we utilize destructive interference (DI) by pushing the received symbols at the target towards the destructive region of the signal constellation. Our numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed design showing a secure transmission with enhanced performance against benchmark DFRC techniques.
This letter investigates the spectrum sharing between a multiple-input single-output (MISO) secure communication system and a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system in the presence of one suspicious eavesdropper. We harness the detrimental radar interference, which traditionally impairs communication systems, as a strategic mechanism to jam the eavesdropper, thereby substantially enhancing the performance of secure communication. In particular, by considering the imperfect channel state information (CSI) for the user and eavesdropper, we present a robust joint design for the radar waveform and communication beamforming vector at the two systems, with the objective of maximizing the worst-case secrecy rate at the user, while ensuring the detection performance of the radar system. To tackle this challenging problem, we propose a two-layer robust cooperative algorithm based on the Charnes-Cooper transformation and the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Simulation results reveal the trade-off between secrecy rate and detection probability and highlight the pivotal role of such robust designs in facilitating secure coexistence systems.
The probabilistic robust beamforming with the help of artificial noise (AN) is investigated in this study, where a multiple‐input‐single‐output wiretap scenario with K single‐antenna eavesdroppers is considered. Based on a more practical assumption that the transmitter derives imperfect legitimate user's channel state information (LCSI) and statistical eavesdroppers' channel state information (ECSI), secrecy rate maximisation (SRM) under a total transmit power constraint and K probabilistic secrecy outage constraints are studied. To deal with it, the K probabilistic constraints are firstly approximated to the deterministic worst‐case ones by resorting to sphere bounding. Secondly, by introducing a slack variable the approximated worst‐case SRM can be further recast as a series of semi‐definite programmings. In this way, the jointly optimised robust beamforming vector and the AN covariance are determined in a tractable convex fashion. Moreover, the authors can prove that the derived AN‐aided secure robust beamforming actually is the optimal solution to the approximated worst‐case SRM problem. Numerical results reveal that the proposed AN‐aided probabilistic secure robust beamforming could achieve outage secrecy rate improvement in comparison with the existing optimal worst‐case robust beamforming without AN, optimal outage constrained robust beamforming without AN, the non‐robust isotropic AN transmission, and the non‐robust AN‐aided beamforming scheme.
The following paper models a secure full duplex (FD) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) scenario, where malicious eavesdroppers aim at intercepting the downlink (DL) as well as the uplink (UL) information exchanged between the dual functional radar and communication (DFRC) base station (BS) and a set of communication users. The DFRC BS, on the other hand, aims at illuminating radar beams at the eavesdroppers in order to sense their physical parameters, while maintaining high UL/DL secrecy rates. Based on the proposed model, we formulate a power efficient secure ISAC optimization framework design, which is intended to guarantee both UL and DL secrecy rates requirements, while illuminating radar beams towards eavesdroppers. The framework exploits artificial noise (AN) generation at the DFRC BS, along with UL/DL beamforming design and UL power allocation. We propose a beamforming design solution to the secure ISAC optimization problem. Finally, we corroborate our findings via simulation results and demonstrate the feasibility, as well as the superiority of the proposed algorithm, under different situations. We also reveal insightful trade-offs achieved by our approach.