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arXiv:2211.04748 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Trap-loss spectroscopy of Rydberg states in ytterbium

C Halter, A Miethke, Christian Sillus, Apoorva Hegde, Axel Görlitz

Published Jan 30, 2023• 10 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We present an experimental study of the Rydberg 1 S 0 - and 1 P 1 - series of ytterbium for principal quantum numbers in the range of n = 70–90. The study is performed using trap loss spectroscopy in a magneto-optical trap operating on the 6 1 S 0 → 6 1 P 1 transition at 399 nm. Compared to the commonly used Rydberg spectroscopy method using field-ionization and ion detection, trap loss spectroscopy is significantly simpler and requires a less sophisticated experimental setup. Using this method we determine relative values of the scalar and tensor electric polarizabilities of both, 6 s n s 1 S 0 - and 6 s n p 1 P 1 - Rydberg states.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/acb74b

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Abstract We present an experimental study of the Rydberg 1 S 0 - and 1 P 1 - series of ytterbium for principal quantum numbers in the range of n = 70–90. The study is performed using trap loss spectroscopy in a magneto-optical trap operating on the 6 1 S 0 → 6 1 P 1 transition at 399 nm. Compared to the commonly used Rydberg spectroscopy method using field-ionization and ion detection, trap loss spectroscopy is significantly simpler and requires a less sophisticated experimental setup. Using this method we determine relative values of the scalar and tensor electric polarizabilities of both, 6 s n s 1 S 0 - and 6 s n p 1 P 1 - Rydberg states.
Microwave transitions between the neighboring levels that belong to the 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​, 1^{1}1P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​, and 1^{1}1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ Rydberg series of ytterbium are studied for the principal quantum number ranging from 33 to 57. The term values and the quantum defects are determined by means of the general Rydberg-Ritz formula. The determined quantum defects show large linear energy dependence. The Zeeman effect measured for three 1^{1}1P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ and one 1^{1}1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ Rydberg states under a weak external magnetic field is discussed.
Abstract We present precise measurements of polarizabilities of cesium nS1/2 (n = 65–75) Rydberg states by Stark spectroscopies. In experiment, Rydberg atoms are excited via a two-photon scheme of a standard magneto-optical trap and detected by the field ionization technique. The Stark shift is measured by analysing the spectroscopy under an external electric field. The polarizability, α, is acquired by fitting the experimental data of Stark shifts with Δ W = − 1 2 α E 2 . The theoretical model is applied to numerically simulate the Stark map and corresponding level shifts, related deviation between the experimental measurements and calculations are less than 2%. The scaling law of polarizabilities, A ⋅ ( n * ) 7 + B ⋅ ( n * ) 6 (n* is effective principal quantum number), is attained, that shows a good agreement with the measurements.
We demonstrate the single-photon Rydberg excitation of cesium atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). We excite atoms directly from 6S1/2ground state to nP3/2(n = 70-100) Rydberg state with a narrow-linewidth 319-nm ultra-violet laser. The detection of Rydberg states is performed by monitoring the reduction of fluorescence signal of the MOT as partial population on 6S1/2(F = 4) ground state are transferred to Rydberg state. We clearly observe Autler-Townes doublet in the trap-loss spectra due to the cooling lights. Utilizing the large electric polarizibility of Rydberg atoms, we observe Stark splitting in the Autler-Townes doublet induced by background DC electric fields. We investigate the dependence of Stark shift on electric fields by theoretical analysis, and then infer the DC electric field from the measured Stark splitting. We find that there is a 44.8(4) mV/cm DC electric field in the vicinity of the cold ensemble. It indicates that high-lying Rydberg atoms can be used as sensors for DC electric fields.
In this paper, I review some recent high-precision Rydberg state lifetime measurements using a cold-trapped sample of neutral atoms held in a magneto-optical trap. The measurements were performed in rubidium for the S, P and D states varying the principal quantum number from n =26 to 45 using the field ionization technique. The experimental results were compared with quantum mechanical calculations and good agreement was observed. This is an important demonstration of how cold atomic samples can be used to perform high-precision spectroscopy in the time domain.