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arXiv:2211.03386 · Annalen der Physik

Intermittent Emission of Particles from a Bose‐Einstein Condensate in a 1D Lattice

L. Q. Lai, Zhao Li, Quanhui Liu, Ya‐Bin Yu

Published Jan 2, 2024• 2 citations
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Abstract

Abstract Particle emission from a Bose‐Einstein condensate with periodically modulated interactions is investigated in a 1D lattice. Within perturbative analysis, which leads to instabilities for discrete modes, the main regimes are obtained where the system can emit a large particle jet, and the distinctly intermittent rather than continuous emission is found. The time evolution of the trapped particles exhibits a stair‐like decay, and a larger drive induces a more significant intermittency. This study further sheds light on the dynamics of the stimulating process, and demonstrates that instead of a real suspension, the intermittency represents a build‐up stage of the system. The theoretical framework might be generalized to the explorations on multiple‐site systems with analogous configurations and couplings, and offer new insights into other fundamental nonequilibrium problems.

DOI
10.1002/andp.202300365

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Abstract Particle emission from a Bose‐Einstein condensate with periodically modulated interactions is investigated in a 1D lattice. Within perturbative analysis, which leads to instabilities for discrete modes, the main regimes are obtained where the system can emit a large particle jet, and the distinctly intermittent rather than continuous emission is found. The time evolution of the trapped particles exhibits a stair‐like decay, and a larger drive induces a more significant intermittency. This study further sheds light on the dynamics of the stimulating process, and demonstrates that instead of a real suspension, the intermittency represents a build‐up stage of the system. The theoretical framework might be generalized to the explorations on multiple‐site systems with analogous configurations and couplings, and offer new insights into other fundamental nonequilibrium problems.
Abstract Emission of matter-wave jets from a parametrically driven condensate has attracted significant experimental and theoretical attention due to the appealing visual effects and potential metrological applications. In this work, we investigate the collective particle emission from a Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a one-dimensional lattice with periodically modulated interparticle interactions. We give the regimes for discrete modes, and find that the emission can be distinctly suppressed. The configuration induces a broad band, but few particles are ejected due to the interference of the matter waves. We further qualitatively model the emission process and demonstrate the short-time behaviors. This engineering provides a way to manipulate the propagation of particles and the corresponding dynamics of condensates in lattices, and may find application in the dynamical excitation control of other nonequilibrium problems with time-periodic driving.
Motivated by recent experiments, we investigate particle emission from a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice, where the interaction strength is periodically modulated. The modulated interactions parametrically excite a collective mode, leading to density oscillations. These collective oscillations in turn drive particle emission. This multistep process amplifies the drive, producing larger particle jets. We find that the amplitude dependence of the emission rate has a characteristic threshold behavior, as seen in experiments.
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Time-periodic driving has been an effective tool in the field of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics, which enables precise control of the particle interactions. We investigate the collective emission of particles from a Bose–Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice with periodic drives that are separate in modulation amplitudes and relative phases. In addition to the enhancement of particle emission, we find that amplitude imbalances lead to energy shift and band broadening, while typical relative phases may give rise to similar gaps. These results offer insights into the specific manipulations of nonequilibrium quantum systems with tone-varying drives.
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We explore the dynamics of a Bose–Einstein condensate created in the combined potential of a far-detuned laser standing wave superimposed to a 3D harmonic magnetic potential. We report the investigation of low-lying collective modes showing that the macroscopic dynamics along the optical lattice is strongly modified, resulting in a shift of the dipole and quadrupole mode frequencies depending on the height of the optical lattice, whereas the transverse breathing mode, occurring perpendicularly to the lattice axis, is not perturbed. The experimental findings are compared with the theoretical treatment that generalizes the hydrodynamic equation of superfluids for a weakly interacting Bose gas to include the effects of the periodic potential. We show that the array of condensates trapped in the optical wells and driven by the harmonic magnetic potential is equivalent to an array of Josephson junctions. In the regime of ‘small’ amplitude dipole oscillation the system performs a collective motion and we investigate the current–phase dynamics measuring the critical Josephson current. Increasing the amplitude of the dipole oscillation, we observe a transition from the coherent oscillation (superfluid regime) to a localization of the condensates in the harmonic trap (‘insulator’ regime). The onset of the coherent regime breakdown is interpreted as the result of a discrete modulational instability occurring when the velocity of the centre of mass of the system is larger than a critical velocity proportional to the tunnelling rate between adjacent wells.