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arXiv:2607.23533 · Annalen der Physik

Dynamical control of particle jets from a driven condensate in a one-dimensional lattice with double-well potential

Z. Li, L. Q. Lai

cond-mat.quant-gasquant-phSubmitted Jul 26, 2026• Announced Jul 28, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the nonlinear dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a double-well potential of a one-dimensional lattice, where the interatomic interactions are periodically modulated in time. In the typical case of a symmetric double-well, we observe collective particle emission under resonant driving, where the excitation regimes are explicitly constrained by the interplay between the drive strength and the hopping amplitude. By introducing a depth asymmetry between the wells, we find that moderate bias specifically enhances the emission rate, while large asymmetry suppresses it. The particle jets can be further controlled by modulating the hopping amplitudes, where the emission is weakened for finite hopping imbalances. These results outline the roles of asymmetry and external driving in precisely manipulating quantum many-body transport, and may offer insights into the design of atomtronic devices.

Journal reference
Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 538, e70253 (2026)
DOI
10.1002/andp.70253
Comments
9 pages, 8 figures

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Motivated by recent experiments, we investigate particle emission from a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice, where the interaction strength is periodically modulated. The modulated interactions parametrically excite a collective mode, leading to density oscillations. These collective oscillations in turn drive particle emission. This multistep process amplifies the drive, producing larger particle jets. We find that the amplitude dependence of the emission rate has a characteristic threshold behavior, as seen in experiments.
Time-periodic driving has been an effective tool in the field of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics, which enables precise control of the particle interactions. We investigate the collective emission of particles from a Bose–Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice with periodic drives that are separate in modulation amplitudes and relative phases. In addition to the enhancement of particle emission, we find that amplitude imbalances lead to energy shift and band broadening, while typical relative phases may give rise to similar gaps. These results offer insights into the specific manipulations of nonequilibrium quantum systems with tone-varying drives.
Abstract Emission of matter-wave jets from a parametrically driven condensate has attracted significant experimental and theoretical attention due to the appealing visual effects and potential metrological applications. In this work, we investigate the collective particle emission from a Bose–Einstein condensate confined in a one-dimensional lattice with periodically modulated interparticle interactions. We give the regimes for discrete modes, and find that the emission can be distinctly suppressed. The configuration induces a broad band, but few particles are ejected due to the interference of the matter waves. We further qualitatively model the emission process and demonstrate the short-time behaviors. This engineering provides a way to manipulate the propagation of particles and the corresponding dynamics of condensates in lattices, and may find application in the dynamical excitation control of other nonequilibrium problems with time-periodic driving.
We investigate the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional ring-shaped lattice with the Peierls phase and site-dependent modulations, where the condensate is confined in a single deep trap and the interparticle interaction strength is modulated by a time-periodic driving field. The system has a finite spectrum, which limits the excitation regimes, and the Peierls phase typically induces imbalanced complex hopping amplitudes in each direction, leading to nonzero net particle currents along the lattice chain, which can hold nearly persistent even when the driving field is turned off after half of the period. The configuration provides a specific way for the coherent control of particle currents in many-body quantum systems with the help of an external driving field and promotes the possible applications in future closed-loop atom circuits.
We study dynamical behaviors of the weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate in the one-dimensional optical lattice with an overall double-well potential by solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. It is observed that the double-well potential dominates the dynamics of such a system even if the lattice depth is several times larger than the height of the double-well potential. This result suggests that the condensate flows without resistance in the periodic lattice just like the case of a single particle moving in periodic potentials. Nevertheless, the effective mass of atoms is increased, which can be experimentally verified since it is connected to the Josephson oscillation frequency. Moreover, the periodic lattice enhances the nonlinearity of the double-well condensate, making the condensate more “self-trapped” in the π -mode self-trapping regime.
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