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arXiv:2210.17448 · Journal of Physics Communications

Geometry of phase-covariant qubit channels

Katarzyna Siudzińska

Published Jun 24, 2023• 3 citations
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Abstract

Abstract We analyze the geometry on the space of non-unital phase-covariant qubit maps. Using the corresponding Choi-Jamiołkowski states, we derive the Hilbert-Schmidt line and volume elements using the channel eigenvalues together with the parameter that characterizes non-unitality. We find the shapes and analytically compute the volumes of phase-covariant channels, in particular entanglement breaking and obtainable with time-local generators.

DOI
10.1088/2399-6528/ace0f4

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Abstract We analyze the geometry on the space of non-unital phase-covariant qubit maps. Using the corresponding Choi-Jamiołkowski states, we derive the Hilbert-Schmidt line and volume elements using the channel eigenvalues together with the parameter that characterizes non-unitality. We find the shapes and analytically compute the volumes of phase-covariant channels, in particular entanglement breaking and obtainable with time-local generators.
We analyze the geometry of the generalized Pauli channels constructed from the mutually unbiased bases. The Choi-Jamio\l{}kowski isomorphism allows us to express the Hilbert-Schmidt line and volume elements in terms of the eigenvalues of the generalized Pauli maps. After determining appropriate regions of integration, we analytically compute the volume of generalized Pauli channels and their important subclasses. In particular, we obtain the volumes of the generalized Pauli channels that can be generated by a legitimate generator and are entanglement breaking. We also provide the upper bound for the volume of positive, trace-preserving generalized Pauli maps. This helps us to better understand the structure of high-dimensional sets of quantum channels.
We analyze the geometrical properties of trace-preserving Pauli maps. Using the Choi-Jamio\l{}kowski isomorphism, we express the Hilbert-Schmidt line and volume elements in terms of the eigenvalues of the Pauli map. We analytically compute the volumes of positive, trace-preserving Pauli maps and Pauli channels. In particular, we find the relative volumes of the entanglement-breaking Pauli channels as well as the channels that can be generated by a time-local generator. Finally, we show what part of the Pauli channels are P\mathrm{P}P- and CP\mathrm{CP}CP-divisible, which is related to the notion of Markovianity.
We analyze the geometry of positive and completely positive, trace-preserving Pauli maps that are fully determined by up to two distinct parameters. This includes five classes of symmetric and noninvertible Pauli channels. Using the Hilbert-Schmidt metric in the space of the Choi-Jamio\l{}kowski states, we compute the relative volumes of entanglement breaking, time-local generated, and divisible channels. Finally, we find the shapes of the complete positivity regions in relation to the tetrahedron of all Pauli channels.
In the space of quantum channels, we establish the geometry that allows us to make statistical predictions about relative volumes of entanglement breaking channels among all the Gaussian quantum channels. The underlying metric is constructed using the Choi-Jamio\l{}kowski isomorphism between the continuous-variable Gaussian states and channels. This construction involves the Hilbert-Schmidt distance in quantum state space. The volume element of the one-mode Gaussian channels can be expressed in terms of local symplectic invariants. We analytically compute the relative volumes of the one-mode Gaussian entanglement breaking and incompatibility breaking channels. Finally, we show that, when given the purities of the Choi-Jamio\l{}kowski state of the channel, one can determine whether or not such channel is incompatibility breaking.
Abstract We analyze quantum communication properties of phase-covariant channels depending on their degree of non-unitality. In particular, we derive analytical formulas for the minimal and maximal channel fidelity on pure states and maximal output purity. Next, we introduce a measure of non-unitality and show how to manipulate between unital and maximally non-unital maps by considering classical mixtures of quantum channels. Finally, we prove that maximal fidelity and maximal output purity increase with non-unitality and present several examples. Interestingly, non-unitality can also prolong quantum entanglement and lead to its rebirth.
Cartan-covariant quantum channels are introduced and studied using the Choi-Jamiołkowski isomorphism. The channels are Cartan-covariant as the covariance groups considered form symmetric pairs with the special unitary group SU(nnn), and their associated Cartan involution provides a route to exactly compute the eigenspectrum of their Choi states and the partial transpose for any n∈Nn\in \mathbb{N}n∈N. These channels include previously studied SO(n)(n)(n)-covariant channels, and further include Sp(n2)(\frac{n}{2})(2n​)-covariant channels (when nnn is even) and S(U(ppp) ×\times× U(qqq))-covariant channels (where n ⁣= ⁣p ⁣+ ⁣qn\!=\!p\!+\!qn=p+q). We show that all Cartan-covariant channels satisfy the PPT2^{2}2-conjecture and further demonstrate the nontrivial nature of this result for the class of Sp(n2)(\frac{n}{2})(2n​)-covariant and S(U(p) ⁣× ⁣U(q)){\rm S}({\rm U}(p) \!\times\!{\rm U}(q))S(U(p)×U(q))-covariant channels