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arXiv:2210.06847 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Superconductivity in doped triangular Mott insulators: The roles of parent spin backgrounds and charge kinetic energy

Zheng Zhu, Qianqian Chen

Published Jun 6, 2023• 8 citations
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Abstract

We study the prerequisites for realizing superconductivity in doped triangular-lattice Mott insulators by considering three distinct parent spin backgrounds, i.e., ${120}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ antiferromagnets, quantum spin liquid, and stripy antiferromagnets, and all possible sign combinations $({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2})$ of nearest-neighbor hopping and next-nearest-neighbor hopping $({t}_{1},{t}_{2})$. Based on density matrix renormalization group calculations, we find that, with finite ${t}_{2}$ and specific sign combinations $({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2})$, the quasi-long-range superconductivity order can always be achieved, regardless of the nature of the parent spin backgrounds. Besides specific hopping signs $({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2})$, these superconductivity phases in triangular lattices are commonly characterized by short-ranged spin correlations and two charges per stripe. In the robust superconductivity phase realized at larger ${t}_{2}/{t}_{1}$, flipping the signs ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1}$ gives rise to the stripe phase without strong pairing and a pseudogaplike phase without Cooper-pair phase coherence, respectively. Interestingly, the roles of the two hopping signs are switched at smaller ${t}_{2}/{t}_{1}$. Moreover, different sign combinations $({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2})$ would stabilize distinct phases including superconductivity, charge density waves, spin density waves, and pseudogaplike phases accordingly. Our findings suggest the important role of charge kinetic energy in realizing superconductivity in doped triangular-lattice Mott insulators.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.107.l220502

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We study the prerequisites for realizing superconductivity in doped triangular-lattice Mott insulators by considering three distinct parent spin backgrounds, i.e., 120\ensuremath∘{120}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}120\ensuremath∘ antiferromagnets, quantum spin liquid, and stripy antiferromagnets, and all possible sign combinations (\ensuremathτ1,\ensuremathτ2)({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2})(\ensuremathτ1​,\ensuremathτ2​) of nearest-neighbor hopping and next-nearest-neighbor hopping (t1,t2)({t}_{1},{t}_{2})(t1​,t2​). Based on density matrix renormalization group calculations, we find that, with finite t2{t}_{2}t2​ and specific sign combinations (\ensuremathτ1,\ensuremathτ2)({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2})(\ensuremathτ1​,\ensuremathτ2​), the quasi-long-range superconductivity order can always be achieved, regardless of the nature of the parent spin backgrounds. Besides specific hopping signs (\ensuremathτ1,\ensuremathτ2)({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2})(\ensuremathτ1​,\ensuremathτ2​), these superconductivity phases in triangular lattices are commonly characterized by short-ranged spin correlations and two charges per stripe. In the robust superconductivity phase realized at larger t2/t1{t}_{2}/{t}_{1}t2​/t1​, flipping the signs \ensuremathτ2{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2}\ensuremathτ2​ and \ensuremathτ1{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1}\ensuremathτ1​ gives rise to the stripe phase without strong pairing and a pseudogaplike phase without Cooper-pair phase coherence, respectively. Interestingly, the roles of the two hopping signs are switched at smaller t2/t1{t}_{2}/{t}_{1}t2​/t1​. Moreover, different sign combinations (\ensuremathτ1,\ensuremathτ2)({\ensuremath{\tau}}_{1},{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{2})(\ensuremathτ1​,\ensuremathτ2​) would stabilize distinct phases including superconductivity, charge density waves, spin density waves, and pseudogaplike phases accordingly. Our findings suggest the important role of charge kinetic energy in realizing superconductivity in doped triangular-lattice Mott insulators.
Unravelling competing orders emergent in doped Mott insulators and their interplay with unconventional superconductivity is one of the major challenges in condensed matter physics. To explore the possible superconducting state in a doped Mott insulator, we study the square-lattice t-J model with both the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor electron hoppings and spin interactions. By using the state-of-the-art density matrix renormalization group calculation with imposing charge U(1) and spin SU(2) symmetries on the six-leg cylinders, we establish a quantum phase diagram including three phases: a stripe charge density wave phase, a superconducting phase without static charge order, and a superconducting phase coexistent with a weak charge stripe order. Crucially, we demonstrate that the superconducting phase has a power-law pairing correlation that decays much slower than the charge density and spin correlations, which is a quasi-1D descendant of the uniform d-wave superconductor in two dimensions. These findings reveal that enhanced charge and spin fluctuations with optimal doping is able to produce robust d-wave superconductivity in doped Mott insulators, providing a foundation for connecting theories of superconductivity to models of strongly correlated systems.
Understanding the doped Mott insulator is a central challenge in condensed matter physics. In this work, we first explicitly identify a new sign structure in the $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model on the square lattice that replaces the conventional Fermi statistics for weakly interacting electrons. Then we show that the singular, i.e., the phase-string part of the sign structure in the partition function can be precisely turned off in a modified model. The density matrix renormalization group method is then employed to study these two models comparatively on finite-size systems, which is designed to unveil the consequences of the phase-string component. We find that the hole pairing is present not only in the quasi-long-range superconducting phase but also in the stripe phase of the $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model. However, once the phase-string is switched off, both the superconducting and stripe orders together with the underlying hole pairing disappear. The corresponding ground state reduces to a trivial Fermi-liquid-like state with small hole Fermi pockets that is decoupled from the antiferromagnetic spin background. It is in sharp contrast to the original $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}{t}^{\ensuremath{'}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model where large Fermi surfaces can be restored in the stripe phase found at ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}/t<0$ or the superconducting phase at ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}}/t>0$ in the six-leg ladder calculation. Our study clearly demonstrates that the strong correlation effect in doped Mott insulator should be mainly attributed to the long-range quantum entanglement between the spin and charge, which is, nonperturbatively, beyond a simple spin-charge separation under the no double occupancy constraint.
Abstract Broad interest in quantum spin liquid (QSL) phases was triggered by the notion that they can be viewed as insulating phases with preexisting electron pairs, such that upon light doping they might automatically yield high temperature superconductivity. Yet despite intense experimental and numerical efforts, definitive evidence showing that doping QSLs leads to superconductivity has been lacking. We address the problem of a lightly doped QSL through a large-scale density-matrix renormalization group study of the t-J model on finite-circumference triangular cylinders with a small but nonzero concentration of doped holes. We provide direct evidences that doping QSL can naturally give rise to d-wave superconductivity. Specifically, we find power-law superconducting correlations with a Luttinger exponent, Ksc ≈ 1, which is consistent with a strongly diverging superconducting susceptibility, χsc ∼ T−(2 − Ksc){\chi }_{sc} \,\sim\, {T}^{-(2\,-\,{K}_{sc})}χsc​∼T−(2−Ksc​) χ s c ~ T − ( 2 − K s c ) as the temperature T → 0. The spin–spin correlations—as in the undoped QSL state—fall exponentially which suggests that the superconducting pair-pair correlations evolve smoothly from the insulating parent state.
Motivated by exploring correlated metals with frustrating bond-dependent exchange interactions, we study hole and electron doped Kitaev Mott insulators on the triangular lattice. Using homogeneous parton mean field theory, we find that the stripe antiferromagnetic (AFM) order for Kitaev coupling K>0K>0K>0 and the ferromagnetic (FM) order for K<0K<0K<0, both vanish at sufficiently large doping, beyond which we find regimes with chiral d±idd\pm i dd±id singlet pairing and p±ipp\pm ipp±ip triplet pairing respectively. Our tensor network computations however reveal that the superconducting correlations are strongly suppressed; while FM order stubbornly persists for the doped K<0K<0K<0 model, the doped K>0K>0K>0 model features emergent spin-charge modulated stripe orders. At higher hole doping for K>0K > 0K>0, where AFM order is more strongly suppressed than for the electron doped case, incorporating a sufficiently strong nearest-neighbor attraction yields evidence for singlet ddd-wave superconductivity with Luttinger parameter Ksc<1K_{\rm sc} < 1Ksc​<1. Our work sets the stage for a broader exploration of doping effects in triangular lattice magnets such as NaRuO2_22​ which feature bond-dependent exchange interactions.
We investigate the evolution of the Mott insulators in the triangular lattice Hubbard Model, as a function of hole doping $\ensuremath{\delta}$ in both the strong and intermediate coupling limits. Using the advanced density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method, at light hole doping $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\lesssim}10%$, we find a significant difference between strong and intermediate couplings. Notably, at intermediate coupling an unusual metallic state emerges, with short ranged spin correlations but long ranged spin-chirality order. Moreover, no clear Fermi surface or wave vector is observed, this chiral metal also exhibits staggered loop current, which breaks the translational symmetry. These features disappear on increasing interaction strength or on further doping. At strong coupling, the 120 degree magnetic order of the insulating magnet persists for light doping, and produces hole pockets with a well-defined Fermi surface. On further doping, $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approx}10%\ensuremath{\sim}20%$ SDW order and coherent hole Fermi pockets are found at both strong and intermediate couplings. At even higher doping $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}20%$, the SDW order is suppressed and the spin-singlet Cooper pair correlations are simultaneously enhanced. We also briefly comment on the strong particle-hole asymmetry of the model.
Superconductivity and competing orders in honeycomb ttt-JJJ model: interplay of lattice geometry and next-nearest-neighbor hopping
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