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arXiv:2209.07516 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Quantum simulation of the spin- 1 2 XYZ model using solid-state spin centers

Troy Losey, Denis R. Candido, Jin Zhang, Yannick Meurice, Michael E. Flatté, S. -W. Tsai

Published Jul 8, 2024• 2 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Solid-state systems offer immense untapped potential for simulating exotic quantum phenomena. Here, the authors introduce a solid-state platform for analog quantum simulators utilizing $S$=1 spin centers implanted in diamond, interacting through magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. This system exhibits a range of quantum phases and critical behaviors that can be controlled by adjusting the magnetic field and the orientation of the spin centers. Notably, it features critical floating phases that terminate at Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless and Pokrovsky-Talapov transition points.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.110.014413

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Solid-state systems offer immense untapped potential for simulating exotic quantum phenomena. Here, the authors introduce a solid-state platform for analog quantum simulators utilizing SSS=1 spin centers implanted in diamond, interacting through magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. This system exhibits a range of quantum phases and critical behaviors that can be controlled by adjusting the magnetic field and the orientation of the spin centers. Notably, it features critical floating phases that terminate at Berezinskii--Kosterlitz--Thouless and Pokrovsky-Talapov transition points.
We propose a scheme enabling controlled quantum coherent interactions between separated nitrogenvacancy centers in diamond in the presence of strong magnetic fluctuations.The proposed scheme couples nuclear qubits employing the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between the electron spins and, crucially, benefits from the suppression of the effect of environmental magnetic field fluctuations thanks to a strong microwave driving.This scheme provides a basic building block for a full-scale quantum-information processor or quantum simulator based on solid-state technology.
We propose a scheme enabling controlled quantum coherent interactions between separated nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond in the presence of strong magnetic fluctuations. The proposed scheme couples nuclear qubits employing the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between the electron spins and, crucially, benefits from the suppression of the effect of environmental magnetic field fluctuations thanks to a strong microwave driving. This scheme provides a basic building block for a full-scale quantum-information processor or quantum simulator based on solid-state technology.
Quantum simulation has emerged as a powerful framework for investigating complex many-body phenomena. A key requirement for emulating these dynamics is the realization of fully controllable quantum systems enabling various spin interactions. Yet, quantum simulators remain constrained in the types of attainable interactions. Here we demonstrate experimental realization of multiple microwave-engineered spin interactions in superconducting quantum circuits. By precisely controlling the native XY interaction and microwave drives, we achieve tunable spin Hamiltonians, including (i) XYZ spin models with continuously adjustable parameters, (ii) transverse-field Ising models, and (iii) Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interacting systems. Our work expands the toolbox for analog-digital quantum simulation, paving the way for exploring a wide range of exotic quantum spin models.
In this work, we introduce a solid-state platform for building quantum simulators using implanted spin centers in solid-state materials. We build upon the proposal for an S=1S=1S=1 chain of spin centers coupled through the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction and subjected to an external magnetic field as a quantum simulator for critical floating phases. We introduce another magnetic field and map the system to the interacting Kitaev chain. This setup, tunable through the applied fields and the orientation of the spin centers within the crystal, exhibits a variety of rich quantum behavior which notably includes floating phases, a Z2Z_2Z2​ symmetry-breaking phase, and lines of both Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) and Pokrovsky-Talapov transitions. Furthermore, we employ several novel methods to calculate the Luttinger liquid parameter in our model with incommensurate correlations. We find that these methods provide a route to identify BKT transitions with less computational resources than utilizing entanglement entropy and central charge.
The spin-1 carried by the nitrogen-vacancy (NV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) color center of a diamond is a promising candidate as a quantum bit (qubit) for the realization of a solid-state quantum computer. The interaction with the P1P1P1 center, which is a single substitutional nitrogen atom with spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​, converts the NV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ qubit to a multilevel system. The 18-level energy diagram of the NV${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$-P1P1P1 coupled defect pair exhibits several level anticrossings and the spin functions change sign at different values of the applied magnetic field. Beyond each resonance, the two electronic spins of the coupled triplet-doublet system flip individually or in concert, offering possibilities to implement quantum logic gates. Interlevel transitions are also possible. The transition probabilities can be predicted rigorously in the framework of the Landau-Zener theory. The spin flip occurs by quantum tunneling. It is also possible to introduce geometric phases, which can be useful for the realization of phase gates.
Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are ideal platforms for quantum simulation, which allows one to handle problems that are intractable theoretically or experimentally. Here we propose a digital quantum simulation scheme to simulate the quantum phase transition occurring in an ultrathin topological insulator film placed in a parallel magnetic field [Zyuzin et al., Phys. Rev. B 83, 245428 (2011)]. The quantum simulator employs high quality spin qubits achievable in nitrogen-vacancy centers. With a series of precise controls, the dynamics of the spin system is made capable of simulating the dynamics of the simulated TI system. The eigenenergies of the TI system are extracted by a quantum algorithm of finding eigenvalues. The scheme can be realized with existing technologies. An operation time of the order of 100 $\ensuremath{\mu}$s is estimated for each individual run.