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arXiv:2208.13198 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Spin Josephson effects of spin–orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates in a non-Hermitian double well

Jia Tang, Hu Zhou, Zhao‐Yun Zeng, Jinpeng Xiao, Lei Li, Yajiang Chen, Aixi Chen, Xiaobing Luo

Published Dec 2, 2022• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the spin and tunneling dynamics of a spin–orbit-coupled noninteracting Bose–Einstein condensate in a periodically driven non-Hermitian double-well potential. Under high-frequency driving, we obtain the effective time-averaged Hamiltonian by using the standard time-averaging method, and analytically calculate the Floquet quasienergies, revealing that the parity-time ( )-breaking phase transition appears even for arbitrarily small non-Hermitian parameters when the spin–orbit coupling strength takes half-integer value, irrespective of the values of other parameters used. When the system is -symmetric with balanced gain and loss, we find numerically and analytically that in the broken -symmetric regions, there will exist the net spin current together with a vanishing atomic current, if we drop the contribution of the exponential growth of the norm to the current behaviors. When the system is non- -symmetric, though the quasienergies are partial complex, a stable net spin current can be generated by controlling the periodic driving field, which is accompanied by a spatial localization of the condensate in the well with gain. The results deepen the understanding of non-Hermitian physics and could be useful for engineering a variety of devices for spintronics.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/aca852

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We present an analytical framework for stabilizing second-order correlated tunneling of two spin-orbit-coupled bosons in a periodically driven non-Hermitian double-well potential. By combining Floquet theory with multiple-scale asymptotic analysis, we derive effective second-order dynamics and exact quasienergy spectra in the strongly interacting regime. Our analysis reveals distinct stability mechanisms for three fundamental tunneling channels: interwell spin-conserving, interwell spin-flipping, and intrawell spin-flipping. For balanced gain and loss, we identify discrete, well-defined parameter regions where stable pair tunneling emerges, with the spin-flipping channel exhibiting a characteristic symmetry absent in its spin-conserving counterpart. Under unbalanced gain-loss conditions, stability is achieved only when the gain and loss coefficients satisfy specific parametric relations, enabling dissipation-controlled tunneling. Most notably, stable intrawell spin-flipping, while inherently unstable for an initial Fock state, becomes accessible when the system is prepared in a coherent superposition state, thereby revealing that initial-state coherence can serve as a control parameter for dynamical stability in non-Hermitian systems. These results expand the possibilities for controlling correlated tunneling in many-body systems with engineered dissipation.
Abstract We propose a simple method of synchronous combined modulations to generate the exact analytic solutions for a spin–orbit (SO) coupled ultracold atom held in a non-Hermitian double-well potential. Based on the obtained analytical solutions, we mainly study the parity-time ( P T ) symmetry of this system and the system stability for both balanced and unbalanced gain–loss between two wells. Under balanced gain and loss, the effect of the proportional constants between synchronous combined modulations and the SO-coupling strength on the P T -symmetry breaking is revealed analytically. Surprisingly, we find when the Zeeman field is present, the stable spin-flipping tunneling between two wells cannot occur in the non-Hermitian SO-coupled ultracold atomic system, but the stable spin-conserving tunneling can be performed. Under unbalanced gain and loss, the unique set of parameter conditions that can cause the system to stabilize is found. The results may provide a possibility for the exact control of P T -symmetry breaking and quantum spin dynamics in a non-Hermitian SO-coupled system.
We study the coherent manipulation of quantum spin dynamics via simple analytic solutions for a spin–orbit (SO) coupled ultracold atom held in a driven double well. In the high-frequency regime, we analytically obtain the quasienergies, the Floquet states, and the non-Floquet state of this system. When the system parameters are properly selected, the non-Floquet state reduces to special quantum states of simple forms which can provide a more intuitive understanding of some interesting quantum spin dynamical phenomena, such as the intrawell spin–flipping, the interwell spin-conserving tunneling, and the interwell spin–flipping tunneling. Specially, for the interwell spin–flipping tunneling, we surprisingly find that the selective coherent destruction of tunneling (SCDT) can occur at the anti-crossing (non-collapse) points of quasienergy spectrum, which breaks the conventional understanding that the SCDT is associated with the crossing of quasienergy levels. Further, we reveal the interwell spin–flipping tunneling strongly depends on the initial spin direction and the initial position of the SO-coupled atom. These novel results can be readily tested by the current experimental setups and may be useful for the design of spintronic devices.
We propose a simple method of synchronous combined modulations to generate the exact analytic solutions for a spin-orbit (SO) coupled ultracold atom held in a non-Hermitian double-well potential. Based on the obtained analytical solutions, we mainly study the parity-time (PT\mathcal{PT}PT) symmetry of this system and the system stability for both balanced and unbalanced gain-loss between two wells. Under balanced gain and loss, the effect of the proportional constants between synchronous combined modulations and the SO-coupling strength on the PT\mathcal{PT}PT-symmetry breaking is revealed analytically. Surprisingly, we find when the Zeeman field is present, the stable spin-flipping tunneling between two wells can not occur in the non-Hermitian SO-coupled ultracold atomic system, but the stable spin-conserving tunneling can be performed. Under unbalanced gain and loss, the unique set of parameter conditions that can cause the system to stabilize is found. The results may provide a possibility for the exact control of PT\mathcal{PT}PT-symmetry breaking and quantum spin dynamics in a non-Hermitian SO-coupled system.