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arXiv:2206.12580 · Physical Review A

Angular dependence of spatial frequency modulation in diffusion media

Yun Chen, Chengyuan Wang, Zibin Jiang, Wei Zhang, Zehao Shen, Hong Gao, Fuli Li

Published Jul 7, 2022• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

An optical field will undergo coherent diffusion when it is mapped into thermal-motioned atoms, e.g., in a slow or storage light process. As has been demonstrated before, such a diffusion effect is equivalent to a spatial low-pass filter attenuating the high-spatial-frequency (SF) components of the optical field. Here, employing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-based light storage in hot atomic vapor, we demonstrate that the angular deviation between the control and the probe beams could be utilized as a degree of freedom to modulate the SF of the probe beam. The principle is to change the diffusion-induced low-pass filter into a bandpass filter, whose SF response can be tuned by varying the direction and magnitude of the angular deviation. Transverse multimode light fields, such as optical images and Laguerre-Gaussian modes, are utilized to study such SF modulation. Our findings could be broadly applied to the fields of quantum information processing, all-optical image manipulation, and imaging through diffusive media.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.106.013704

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•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations
An optical field will undergo coherent diffusion when it is mapped into thermal-motioned atoms, e.g., in a slow or storage light process. As has been demonstrated before, such a diffusion effect is equivalent to a spatial low-pass filter attenuating the high-spatial-frequency (SF) components of the optical field. Here, employing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-based light storage in hot atomic vapor, we demonstrate that the angular deviation between the control and the probe beams could be utilized as a degree of freedom to modulate the SF of the probe beam. The principle is to change the diffusion-induced low-pass filter into a bandpass filter, whose SF response can be tuned by varying the direction and magnitude of the angular deviation. Transverse multimode light fields, such as optical images and Laguerre-Gaussian modes, are utilized to study such SF modulation. Our findings could be broadly applied to the fields of quantum information processing, all-optical image manipulation, and imaging through diffusive media.
Coherent storage of optical image in a coherently-driven medium is a promising method with possible applications in many fields. In this work, we experimentally report a controllable spatial-frequency routing of image via atomic spin coherence in a solid-state medium driven by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Under the EIT-based light-storage regime, a transverse spatial image carried by the probe field is stored into atomic spin coherence. By manipulating the frequency and spatial propagation direction of the read control field, the stored image is transferred into a new spatial-frequency channel. When two read control fields are used to retrieve the stored information, the image information is converted into a superposition of two spatial-frequency modes. Through this technique, the image is manipulated coherently and all-optically in a controlled fashion.
We show theoretical evidence that coherent systems based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can function as optically addressed spatial light modulators with megahertz modulation rates. The transverse spatial properties of cw probe fields can be modulated fast using two-dimensional optical patterns. To exemplify our proposal, we study real-time generation and manipulation of Laguerre-Gaussian beams by means of phase or amplitude modulation using flat-top image-bearing pulse trains as coupling fields in low-cost hot vapor EIT systems.
We explore optical manipulation of sculpted light based on phase-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency through both homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened five-level atomic systems. A transverse magnetic field and a suitable spatially inhomogeneous control field can be used to create a spatial probe transparency modulation at a desired location. Such transparency modulation is the principle behind the shaping of the light. Further, the beam propagation equation shows that the control-field-induced selective phase information can be imprinted on the probe beam. Hence, this controlled light shaping paves a new way for high-contrast imaging, laser micromachining, and creation of optical lattices and optical tweezers. Our work may also have applications in optical communication and information processing.
Abstract The interaction between vector beams and atoms under a weak magnetic field could induce spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Based on such a coherence effect, we propose a method for manipulating vector beams carrying spiral varying phases in hot rubidium atoms. When a transverse magnetic field (TMF) is applied, the transparent regions of the transmitted beam are strongly depend on the beam’s polarization distribution. In addition to the intensity modulation, the alignment of the TMF is reflected in the rotation of the central symmetric transmission patterns. In theory, we discuss the physical mechanism of the spiral EIT region generated by the phase profile, and analyze the influence of system parameters on this coherent process. Our work confirms that introducing additional radial phases can also lead to spatially dependent EIT, which extends another degree of freedom to manipulate atomic polarization. This will provide potential applications in light field manipulation and multi-dimensional quantum storage.
Abstract Recent years have seen vast progress in image modulation based on atomic media, with potential applications in both classical optical imaging and quantum imaging regions. However, there have been few investigations of how thermal light images interact with an electromagnetically induced transparent medium. In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate pseudo-thermal light modulation on coherent population trapping conditions in 87Rb vapor. By introducing the Laguerre-Gaussian beam as the control beam and the encoded speckle as the probe beam, we obtained sharper speckle patterns after the atom cell compared with that in free space. The spatially modulated thermal light was then used to enhance the image resolution in ghost imaging of which the resolution was enhanced by factor 3, since the ghost image resolution is heavily reliant on the speckle’s transverse coherent length. Our results are promising for potential applications in high resolution ghost imaging and image metrology, image processing and biomedical imaging.
In modern physics, coherent manipulation of photons and electrons has been intensively studied, and may have important applications in classical and quantum information processing. In this dissertation, we consider some interesting schemes to realize photonic and electronic coherent manipulation. ^ In order to coherently manipulate photons, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) systems have been widely adopted because the optical response of EIT systems can be controlled by the laser-induced atomic coherence. ^ In the second chapter, we theoretically investigate image storage in hot-vapor EIT media. A so-called 4f system is adopted for imaging, and an atomic vapor cell is placed over the transform plane. The Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of an object in the object plane can thus be transformed into atomic Raman coherence according to the idea of "light storage". We investigate how the stored diffraction pattern evolves under diffusion and discuss the essence of the stability of its dark spots. Our result indicates under appropriate conditions that an image can be reconstructed with high fidelity. The main reason for this procedure is the fact that diffusion of opposite-phase components of the diffraction pattern interfere destructively. ^ In the third chapter, we show theoretical evidence that EIT systems can function as optically addressed spatial light modulators with megahertz modulation rates. The transverse spatial properties of continuous-wave probe fields can be modulated rapidly using two-dimensional optical patterns. To exemplify our proposal, we study real-time generation and manipulation of Laguerre-Gaussian beams by means of phase or amplitude modulation using flat-top image-bearing pulse trains as coupling fields in low-cost hot-vapor EIT systems. ^ In order to coherently manipulate electrons, we consider graphene systems, including single-layer graphene and bilayer graphene, which have recently attracted considerable attention. Due to the long coherence length and electrically tunable Fermi levels, electrons in graphene systems have some photon-like behaviors, and could be coherently manipulated. ^ Therefore, in the fourth chapter, we theorize that at a sharp electrostatic step potential in graphene massless Dirac fermions can obtain Goos-Hänchen-like shifts under total internal reflection. Also, we study coherent propagation of the quasiparticles along a sharp graphene p-n-p waveguide, and derive novel dispersion relations for the guided modes. Consequently, coherent graphene-based devices, e.g., movable mirrors, buffers and memories, induced only by the electric field effects may be proposed. ^ Finally, we theoretically investigate the coherent propagation of massive chiral fermions along a sharp bilayer graphene p-n-p waveguide, and indicate that the guided quasiparticles can be coherently slowed, stored and retrieved based on tunable electric field effects. Controlling group velocity in the bilayer graphene p-n-p waveguide is accomplished via interband tunneling through the p-n interfaces, and does not depend on the bandgap opening. ^