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arXiv:2206.06509 · Nuclear Physics B

Entanglement of inhomogeneous free fermions on hyperplane lattices

Pierre-Antoine Bernard, Nicolas Crampé, Rafael I. Nepomechie, Gilles Parez, Loïc Poulain d’Andecy, Luc Vinet

Published Sep 21, 2022• 16 citations
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Abstract

We introduce an inhomogeneous model of free fermions on a (D−1)-dimensional lattice with D(D−1)/2 continuous parameters that control the hopping strength between adjacent sites. We solve this model exactly, and find that the eigenfunctions are given by multidimensional generalizations of Krawtchouk polynomials. We construct a Heun operator that commutes with the chopped correlation matrix, and compute the entanglement entropy numerically for D=2,3,4, for a wide range of parameters. For D=2, we observe oscillations in the sub-leading contribution to the entanglement entropy, for which we conjecture an exact expression. For D>2, we find logarithmic violations of the area law for the entanglement entropy with nontrivial dependence on the parameters.

DOI
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2022.115975

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We introduce an inhomogeneous model of free fermions on a (D−1)-dimensional lattice with D(D−1)/2 continuous parameters that control the hopping strength between adjacent sites. We solve this model exactly, and find that the eigenfunctions are given by multidimensional generalizations of Krawtchouk polynomials. We construct a Heun operator that commutes with the chopped correlation matrix, and compute the entanglement entropy numerically for D=2,3,4, for a wide range of parameters. For D=2, we observe oscillations in the sub-leading contribution to the entanglement entropy, for which we conjecture an exact expression. For D>2, we find logarithmic violations of the area law for the entanglement entropy with nontrivial dependence on the parameters.
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Abstract We study the entanglement properties of non-Hermitian free fermionic models with translation symmetry using the correlation matrix technique. Our results show that the entanglement entropy has a logarithmic correction to the area law in both one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems. For any one-dimensional one-band system, we prove that each Fermi point of the system contributes exactly 1/2 to the coefficient c of the logarithmic correction. Moreover, this relation between c and Fermi point is verified for more general one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases by numerical calculations and finite-size scaling analysis. In addition, we also study the single-particle and density–density correlation functions.
We study the scaling properties of the ground-state entanglement between finite subsystems of infinite two-dimensional free lattice models, as measured by the logarithmic negativity. For adjacent regions with a common boundary, we observe that the negativity follows a strict area law for a lattice of harmonic oscillators, whereas for fermionic hopping models the numerical results indicate a multiplicative logarithmic correction. In this latter case we conjecture a formula for the prefactor of the area-law violating term, which is entirely determined by the geometries of the Fermi surface and the boundary between the subsystems. The conjecture is tested against numerical results and a good agreement is found.
Random fractal lattices provide a geometrically disordered setting in which quantum correlations can be shaped by noninteger dimensionality rather than onsite randomness. We investigate the entanglement properties of noninteracting fermions on random fractal lattices generated by a stochastic growth algorithm. By varying the growth parameter and adding missing links with probability ppp, we tune the Hausdorff and spectral dimensions while keeping the system free of onsite disorder. For ground states at different fillings, we compute the bipartite entanglement entropy of subregions defined by graph distance and analyze its scaling with subsystem size. Over a broad parameter range, we find robust power-law behavior governed primarily by the Hausdorff dimension, consistent with a generalized area law and without the logarithmic enhancement familiar from Euclidean free fermions. We also study entanglement growth following a global quench from an uncorrelated checkerboard state and uncover an asymptotic scaling collapse in which the subsystem-size dependence is governed by the Hausdorff dimension, while the temporal evolution is governed by the spectral dimension. The resulting dynamics are logarithmically slow over an extended intermediate-time window. These results show that geometric randomness alone can generate both nontrivial ground-state entanglement structure and slow quantum-information spreading in free-fermion systems.
We investigate multipartite information and entanglement measures in the ground state of a free-fermion model defined on a Hamming graph. Using the known diagonalization of the adjacency matrix, we solve the model and construct the ground-state correlation matrix. Moreover, we find all the eigenvalues of the chopped correlation matrix when the subsystem consists of n disjoint Hamming subgraphs embedded in a larger one. These results allow us to find an exact formula for the entanglement entropy of disjoint graphs, as well as for the mutual and tripartite information. We use the exact formulas for these measures to extract their asymptotic behavior in two distinct thermodynamic limits, and find excellent match with the numerical calculations. In particular, we find that the entanglement entropy admits a logarithmic violation of the area law which decreases the amount of entanglement compared to the area law scaling.