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arXiv:2205.01312 · Physical Review A

Photon and phonon statistics in a qubit-plasmon-phonon ultrastrong-coupling system

Ting-ting Ma, D. B. Horoshko, Chang‐shui Yu, S. Ya. Kilin

Published May 31, 2022• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the photon and phonon statistics of a qubit-plasmon-phonon hybrid system in the ultrastrong-coupling regime. The introduced qubit coupling causes parity-conserving and -nonconserving situations. We employ an analytic approximation approach for the parity-conserving case to reveal the statistical behaviors of photons and phonons. It indicates that both photons and phonons show strong antibunching at the same frequency. Even though the bunching properties of photons and phonons occupy the dominant regions of the considered frequencies, phonons tend to weak antibunching within the photonic strong-bunching area. In contrast, one can find that the configurations of correlation functions for both photons and phonons in the parity-conserving case are squeezed towards the central frequency by parity breaking, which directly triggers the reverse statistical behaviors of the different parties in the low-frequency regions and the strong-bunching properties in other frequency regions. The photon-phonon cross-correlation function also demonstrates similar parity-induced differences, indicating that the nonconserving parity induces the photon-phonon bunching behavior. We finally analyze the delayed second-order correlation function with different driving frequencies, which illustrates striking oscillations revealing the occurrence of simultaneous multiple excitations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.105.053718

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We study the photon and phonon statistics of a qubit-plasmon-phonon hybrid system in the ultrastrong-coupling regime. The introduced qubit coupling causes parity-conserving and -nonconserving situations. We employ an analytic approximation approach for the parity-conserving case to reveal the statistical behaviors of photons and phonons. It indicates that both photons and phonons show strong antibunching at the same frequency. Even though the bunching properties of photons and phonons occupy the dominant regions of the considered frequencies, phonons tend to weak antibunching within the photonic strong-bunching area. In contrast, one can find that the configurations of correlation functions for both photons and phonons in the parity-conserving case are squeezed towards the central frequency by parity breaking, which directly triggers the reverse statistical behaviors of the different parties in the low-frequency regions and the strong-bunching properties in other frequency regions. The photon-phonon cross-correlation function also demonstrates similar parity-induced differences, indicating that the nonconserving parity induces the photon-phonon bunching behavior. We finally analyze the delayed second-order correlation function with different driving frequencies, which illustrates striking oscillations revealing the occurrence of simultaneous multiple excitations.
The most important difference between ultrastrong and non-ultrastrong coupling regimes is that the ground state contains excitations. We consider a qubit-plasmon-phonon ultrastrong coupling (USC) system with a three-level atom coupled to the photon and phonon via its upper two energy levels and show that spontaneous emission of the atom from its intermediate to its ground state produces photon and phonon pairs. It is shown that the current system can produce a strong photon/phonon stream and the atom-phonon coupling plays the active role, which ensures the experimental detection. The emission spectrum and various high-order correlation functions confirm the generation of the pairs of photons and phonons. Our study has important implications for future research on virtual photon and phonon pairs creation in the ground state of the USC regime.
Frequency-resolved photon emission is central to applications from quantum information encoding to high-resolution spectroscopy, and then studying their correlations is therefore essential for revealing the underlying emission pathways and multiphoton statistics. Here, we investigate frequency-resolved N-photon correlations in an ultrastrongly coupled cavity QED system where a qubit interacts with a single-mode cavity. Owing to counter-rotating interactions, the eigenstates and energy spectrum are strongly modified, giving rise to rich spectral and statistical properties in the emitted frequency-resolved photons. Through frequency-selective detection, we reveal pronounced multiphoton antibunching, as well as multiphoton bunching originating from cascade transitions among dressed eigenstates. In particular, we show that parity symmetry plays a decisive role in shaping these correlations. The symmetry-breaking opens additional transition channels and dramatically enhances the generation of correlated photon pairs and even photon triplets of different frequencies. Our work extends frequency-resolved correlations to the ultra-strong coupling regime and demonstrates their potential as a sensitive probe of symmetry in light-matter interaction systems.
Phonon nonlinearities play an important role in hybrid quantum networks and on-chip quantum devices. We investigate the phonon statistics of a mechanical oscillator in hybrid systems composed of an atom and one or two standard optomechanical cavities. An efficiently enhanced atom-phonon interaction can be derived via a tripartite atom-photon-phonon interaction, where the atom-photon coupling depends on the mechanical displacement without practically changing a cavity frequency. This novel mechanism of optomechanical interactions, as predicted recently by Cotrufo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.118, 133603 (2017)10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.133603], is fundamentally different from standard ones. In the enhanced atom-phonon coupling, the strong phonon nonlinearity at a single-excitation level is obtained in the originally weak-coupling regime, which leads to the appearance of phonon blockade. Moreover, the optimal parameter regimes are presented both for the cases of one and two cavities. We compared phonon-number correlation functions of different orders for mechanical steady states generated in the one-cavity hybrid system, revealing the occurrence of phonon-induced tunneling and different types of phonon blockade. Our approach offers an alternative method to generate and control a single phonon in the quantum regime and could have potential applications in single-phonon quantum technologies.
Phonon nonlinearities play an important role in hybrid quantum networks and on-chip quantum devices. We investigate the phonon statistics of a mechanical oscillator in hybrid systems composed of an atom and one or two standard optomechanical cavities. An efficiently enhanced atom-phonon interaction can be derived via a tripartite atom-photon-phonon interaction, where the atom-photon coupling depends on the mechanical displacement without practically changing a cavity frequency. This novel mechanism of optomechanical interactions, as predicted recently by Cotrufo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 133603 (2017)], is fundamentally different from standard ones. In the enhanced atom-phonon coupling, the strong phonon nonlinearity at a single-excitation level is obtained in the originally weak-coupling regime, which leads to the appearance of phonon blockade. Moreover, the optimal parameter regimes are presented both for the cases of one- and two- cavities. We compared phonon-number correlation functions of different orders for mechanical steady states generated in the one-cavity hybrid system, revealing the occurrence of phonon-induced tunneling and different types of phonon blockade. Our approach offers an alternative method to generate and control a single phonon in the quantum regime, and has potential applications in single-phonon quantum technologies.
We investigate photon correlations in the open anisotropic quantum Rabi model via quantum dressed master equation. Multiple antibunching-to-bunching transitions are generally exhibited at deep-strong qubit-photon coupling, which becomes vanishing in the standard open quantum Rabi model. The observed two-photon statistics can be well described analytically within a few lowest eigenstates at low temperatures. It is revealed that the additional photon antibunching effect mainly originates from the selection rule of the correlation-measurement-induced eigenstate transitions. Furthermore, we also unravel the phenomena that higher-order correlation function lifts up dramatically once passing the crossing point of excited states, which is attributed to the on-off switch of dominant cooperative transition with level crossing. We hope these results may fertilize the analysis of the nonclassical photon statistics in anisotropic coupled qubit-photon systems.
We investigate the transient dynamics of photon statistics through two-time correlation functions for optical field coupled to a non-Markovian environment, described by the Fano-type Hamiltonian. We exactly solve the time-evolution of an initially nonclassical state which exhibits photon antibunching. We find that the transient correlations at different times ttt yield a smooth transition from antibunching to bunching photon statistics in the weak system-environment coupling regime. In the strong-coupling regime, the two-time correlations exhibit oscillations that persists both in the transient process and in the steady-state limit. The oscillatory behavior of photon statistics is a manifestation of strong non-Markovian memory dynamics where the system remains in nonequilibrium from its environment. We also find that the antibunching-to-bunching transition in the weak-coupling regime and the photon statistical oscillations in the strong-coupling regime are strongly influenced by the environment temperature.