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arXiv:2204.06639 · Nature Physics

Bosonic stimulation of atom–light scattering in an ultracold gas

Yu‐Kun Lu, Yair Margalit, Wolfgang Ketterle

Published Dec 22, 2022• 9 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/s41567-022-01846-y

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Abstract The tendency of identical bosons to bunch, seen in the Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect and Bose–Einstein condensation, is a hallmark of quantum statistics. This bunching can enhance the rates of fundamental processes such as atom–atom and atom–light scattering when atoms scatter into already occupied states. For non-interacting bosons, the enhancement of light scattering follows directly from the occupation of the atom’s final momentum state. Here we study scattering between off-resonant light and atoms in a quasi-homogeneous Bose gas with tunable interactions and show that even weak interactions, which essentially do not alter the momentum distribution, strongly affect atom–light scattering. Changes in local atomic correlations suppress the bosonic enhancement under weak repulsive interactions and increase the scattering rate under attractive ones. Moreover, if the interactions are rapidly tuned, light scattering reveals correlation dynamics that are orders of magnitude faster than the collisional dynamics of the momentum-space populations. Its extreme sensitivity to correlation effects makes off-resonant light scattering a powerful probe of many-body physics in ultracold atomic gases.
We show that coherent multiple light scattering, or diffuse light propagation, in a disordered atomic media prepared at ultralow temperatures can be effectively delayed in the presence of a strong control field initiating a stimulated Raman process. On a relatively short time scale, when the atomic system can preserve its configuration and effects of atomic motion can be ignored, the scattered signal pulse, diffusely propagating via multiple coherent scattering through the media, can be stored in the spin subsystem through its stimulated Raman-type conversion into spin coherence. We demonstrate how this mechanism, potentially interesting for developing quantum memories, would work for the example of a coherent light pulse propagating through an alkali-metal atomic vapor under typical conditions attainable in experiments with ultracold atoms.
We study the scattering of a weak and far-detuned light from a system of ultracold bosons in one-dimensional and three-dimensional optical lattices. We show the connection between angular distributions of the scattered light and statistical properties of a Bose gas in a periodic potential. The angular patterns are determined by the Fourier transform of the second-order correlation function, and thus they can be used to retrieve information on particle number fluctuations and correlations. We consider superfluid and Mott-insulator phases of the Bose gas in a lattice and we analyze in detail how the scattering depends on the system dimensionality, temperature, and atom-atom interactions.