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arXiv:2204.02254 · Physical Review A

Degenerate Rabi spectroscopy of the Floquet engineered optical lattice clock

Weixin Liu, Xiaotong Lu, Ting Li, Xue‐Feng Zhang, Hong Chang, Tao Wang, Weidong Li

Published Jan 31, 2023• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Simulating physics with large $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ symmetry is one of the unique advantages of alkaline-earth-metal atoms. Introducing periodical driving modes to the system may provide richer $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ physics that the static one cannot reach. However, a discussion of whether or not the driving modes will break the SU($N$) symmetry is still lacking. Here we experimentally study a Floquet engineered degenerate $^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ optical lattice clock (OLC) by periodically modulating the frequency of the lattice laser. With the help of Rabi spectroscopy, we find that the atoms at different Zeeman sublevels are tuned by the same driven function. Meanwhile, our experimental results suggest that the uniform distribution among the sublevels does not change despite the driving. Our experimental demonstrations may pave the way for implementation of Floquet engineering on tailoring the $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ physics in the OLC system.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.107.013315

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Simulating physics with large SU(N)\mathrm{SU}(N)SU(N) symmetry is one of the unique advantages of alkaline-earth-metal atoms. Introducing periodical driving modes to the system may provide richer SU(N)\mathrm{SU}(N)SU(N) physics that the static one cannot reach. However, a discussion of whether or not the driving modes will break the SU(NNN) symmetry is still lacking. Here we experimentally study a Floquet engineered degenerate 87Sr^{87}\mathrm{Sr}87Sr optical lattice clock (OLC) by periodically modulating the frequency of the lattice laser. With the help of Rabi spectroscopy, we find that the atoms at different Zeeman sublevels are tuned by the same driven function. Meanwhile, our experimental results suggest that the uniform distribution among the sublevels does not change despite the driving. Our experimental demonstrations may pave the way for implementation of Floquet engineering on tailoring the SU(N)\mathrm{SU}(N)SU(N) physics in the OLC system.
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Super-Bloch oscillations(SBOs) is giant Bloch oscillations (BOs) when applying both static and periodically driving force to free atoms in lattice at the condition that Bloch oscillations are close to integer times of driving frequencies. Rather than observe SBOs in real space, this paper presents a method to observe it using Rabi spectroscopy of Optical lattice clock(OLC). An effective model of OLC with atoms been added both static and time-periodical forces is derived. Based on that, we propose an experimental scheme and give the Rabi spectrum under lab achievable parameters. Utilizing the precision spectroscopy of OLC, force with a large range could be accurately measured by measuring the Period of SBOs. We also gave the best parameter condition of measuring gravity by calculating Fisher information. Our work paves the way to study other exotic dynamics behaviors in Floquet driving OLC.
The quantum system under periodical modulation is the simplest path to understand the quantum non-equilibrium system, because it can be well described by the effective static Floquet Hamiltonian. Under the stroboscopic measurement, the initial phase is usually irrelevant. However, if two uncorrelated parameters are modulated, their relative phase can not be gauged out, so that it can dramatically change physics. Here, we simultaneously modulate the frequency of lattice laser and Rabi frequency in the optical lattice clock (OLC) system. Thanks to ultra-high precision and ultra-stability of OLC, the relative phase could be fine-tuned. As a smoking gun, we observed the interference between two Floquet channels. At last, we discuss the relation between effective Floquet Hamiltonian and 1-D topological insulator with high winding numbers. Our experiment not only provides a direction for detecting the phase effect, but also paves a way in simulating quantum topological phase in OLC platform.
We periodically modulate the lattice trapping potential of a 87 Sr optical clock to Floquet engineer the clock transition. In the context of atomic gases in lattices, Floquet engineering has been used to shape the dispersion and topology of Bloch quasi-energy bands. Differently from these previous works manipulating the external (spatial) quasi-energies, we target the internal atomic degrees of freedom. We shape Floquet spin quasi-energies and measure their resonance profiles with Rabi spectroscopy. We provide the spectroscopic sensitivity of each band by measuring the Fisher information and show that this is not depleted by the Floquet dynamical modulation. The demonstration that the internal degrees of freedom can be selectively engineered by manipulating the external degrees of freedom inaugurates a novel device with potential applications in metrology, sensing and quantum simulations.
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We propose to synthesize tunable periodic gauge fields via Floquet engineering cold-alkaline-earth-metal atoms in one-dimensional optical lattice. The artificial magnetic flux is designed to emerge during the combined process of Floquet photon-assisted tunneling and internal state transitions. By varying the initial phases of the driving protocol, our proposal presents the ability to smoothly tune the periodic flux. Moreover, we demonstrate that the effective two-leg flux ladder model can simulate one typical real topological insulator, which is described by the first Stiefel-Whitney class and protected by the space-inversion--time-reversal symmetry. Benefiting from the long lifetime of excited states of alkaline-earth-metal atoms, our work opens new possibilities for exploiting the physics related to gauge fields, such as topological phases, in the current cold-atom platform.