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arXiv:2112.04818 · New Journal of Physics

Sympathetic cooling schemes for separately trapped ions coupled via image currents

C. Will, M. Bohman, T Driscoll, M. Wiesinger, F. Abbass, M. J. Borchert, J. A. Devlin, Stefan Erlewein, M. Fleck, B. M. Latacz, R Moller, Andreas H. Mooser, D. Popper, E. Wursten, K. Blaum, Y. Matsuda, C. Ospelkaus, W. Quint, J. Walz, C. Smorra, S. Ulmer

Published Feb 16, 2022• 18 citations

Abstract

Abstract Cooling of particles to mK-temperatures is essential for a variety of experiments with trapped charged particles. However, many species of interest lack suitable electronic transitions for direct laser cooling. We study theoretically the remote sympathetic cooling of a single proton with laser-cooled 9Be+ in a double-Penning-trap system. We investigate three different cooling schemes and find, based on analytical calculations and numerical simulations, that two of them are capable of achieving proton temperatures of about 10 mK with cooling times on the order of 10 s. In contrast, established methods such as feedback-enhanced resistive cooling with image-current detectors are limited to about 1 K in 100 s. Since the studied techniques are applicable to any trapped charged particle and allow spatial separation between the target ion and the cooling species, they enable a variety of precision measurements based on trapped charged particles to be performed at improved sampling rates and with reduced systematic uncertainties.

DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/ac55b3

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Abstract Cooling of particles to mK-temperatures is essential for a variety of experiments with trapped charged particles. However, many species of interest lack suitable electronic transitions for direct laser cooling. We study theoretically the remote sympathetic cooling of a single proton with laser-cooled 9Be+ in a double-Penning-trap system. We investigate three different cooling schemes and find, based on analytical calculations and numerical simulations, that two of them are capable of achieving proton temperatures of about 10 mK with cooling times on the order of 10 s. In contrast, established methods such as feedback-enhanced resistive cooling with image-current detectors are limited to about 1 K in 100 s. Since the studied techniques are applicable to any trapped charged particle and allow spatial separation between the target ion and the cooling species, they enable a variety of precision measurements based on trapped charged particles to be performed at improved sampling rates and with reduced systematic uncertainties.

Abstract Efficient cooling of trapped charged particles is essential in many fundamental physics experiments, for high-precision metrology, and for quantum technology. Until now, ion-ion coupling for sympathetic cooling or quantum state control has been limited to ion species with accessible optical transitions or has required close-range Coulomb interactions. To overcome this limitation and further develop scalable quantum control techniques, there has been a sustained desire to extend laser-cooling techniques to particles in macroscopically separated traps, opening quantum control techniques to previously inaccessible particles such as highly charged ions, molecular ions, and antimatter particles. Here, we demonstrate sympathetic cooling of a single proton by laser cooled Be+ ions stored in a spatially separated Penning trap. The two traps are connected by a superconducting LC circuit that enables energy exchange over a distance of 9 cm. We simultaneously demonstrate the cooling of a resonant mode of a macroscopic LC circuit with laser-cooled ions and sympathetic cooling of an individually trapped proton, reaching temperatures far below the environment temperature. Importantly, as this technique does not rely on the direct Coulomb interaction but rather on image-current interactions, it can be easily applied to an experiment with antiprotons, facilitating improved precision in matter-antimatter comparisons and dark matter searches.

We demonstrate a new temperature record for image-current mediated sympathetic cooling of a single proton in a cryogenic Penning trap by laser-cooled

^9

Be

^+

. An axial mode temperature of 170 mK is reached, which is a 15-fold improvement compared to the previous best value. Our cooling technique is applicable to any charged particle, so that the measurements presented here constitute a milestone towards the next generation of high-precision Penning-trap measurements with exotic particles.

Efficient cooling of trapped charged particles is essential to many fundamental physics experiments1,2, to high-precision metrology3,4 and to quantum technology5,6. Until now, sympathetic cooling has required close-range Coulomb interactions7,8, but there has been a sustained desire to bring laser-cooling techniques to particles in macroscopically separated traps5,9,10, extending quantum control techniques to previously inaccessible particles such as highly charged ions, molecular ions and antimatter. Here we demonstrate sympathetic cooling of a single proton using laser-cooled Be+ ions in spatially separated Penning traps. The traps are connected by a superconducting LC circuit that enables energy exchange over a distance of 9 cm. We also demonstrate the cooling of a resonant mode of a macroscopic LC circuit with laser-cooled ions and sympathetic cooling of an individually trapped proton, reaching temperatures far below the environmental temperature. Notably, as this technique uses only image–current interactions, it can be easily applied to an experiment with antiprotons1, facilitating improved precision in matter–antimatter comparisons11 and dark matter searches12,13.

Radiation pressure from lasers has been used to cool and compress 9Be+ ions stored in a combination of static electric and magnetic fields (Penning trap) to tem eratures less than 10 mK and densities greater than lo7 cm-q in a magnetic field of 1.4 T. A technique called sympathetic cooling can be used to transfer this cooling and compression to other ion species. ions sympathetically cooled by laser cooled 9Be+ ions is given. source vi? sympathetic cooling is also discussed. A n example of lg8Hg+ The possibility of making an ultracold positron Ion traps have been used in low energy atomic physics experiments for a period of roughly 30 years.1*2) years, however, the technique of laser cooling and compression has greatly increased the potential use of stored ions in a number of applications. One example is time and frequency standards. With the technique of laser cooling and compression, ion temperatures less than 10 mK, densities a factor of 10 less than the Brillouin limit (defined below), and essentially indefinite confinement times have been obtained. 3,4) Unfortunately, elementary charged particles (electrons, positrons, protons, etc.) can not be directly laser During the past 10