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arXiv:2111.00672 · Globecom

Enhancing Continuous Variable Quantum Teleportation using Non-Gaussian Resources

Eduardo Villaseñor, Robert Malaney

Published Dec 1, 2021• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Continuous Variable (CV) non-Gaussian resources are fundamental in the realization of quantum error correction for CV-based quantum communications and CV-based computing. In this work, we investigate the use of CV non-Gaussian states as quantum teleportation resource states in the context of the transmission of coherent and squeezed states through noisy channels. We consider an array of different non-Gaussian resource states, and compute the fidelity of state teleportation achieved for each resource. Our results show that the use of non-Gaussian states presents a significant advantage compared to the traditional resource adopted for CV teleportation; the Gaussian two-mode squeezed vacuum state. In fiber-based quantum communications, the range of quantum teleportation is increased by approximately 40% via the use of certain non-Gaussian states. In satellite-to-ground quantum communications, for aperture configurations consistent with the Micius satellite, the viable range of quantum teleportation is increased from 700 km to over 1200 km. These results represent a significant increase in the performance of pragmatic and realizable quantum communications in both terrestrial and space-based networks.

DOI
10.1109/globecom46510.2021.9685767

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Continuous Variable (CV) non-Gaussian resources are fundamental in the realization of quantum error correction for CV-based quantum communications and CV-based computing. In this work, we investigate the use of CV non-Gaussian states as quantum teleportation resource states in the context of the transmission of coherent and squeezed states through noisy channels. We consider an array of different non-Gaussian resource states, and compute the fidelity of state teleportation achieved for each resource. Our results show that the use of non-Gaussian states presents a significant advantage compared to the traditional resource adopted for CV teleportation; the Gaussian two-mode squeezed vacuum state. In fiber-based quantum communications, the range of quantum teleportation is increased by approximately 40% via the use of certain non-Gaussian states. In satellite-to-ground quantum communications, for aperture configurations consistent with the Micius satellite, the viable range of quantum teleportation is increased from 700 km to over 1200 km. These results represent a significant increase in the performance of pragmatic and realizable quantum communications in both terrestrial and space-based networks.
Non-Gaussian operations have been shown to enhance the fidelity of continuous-variable quantum teleportation. However, a disadvantage of these non-Gaussian operations is that they are probabilistic in nature. In this article we study the trade-off between teleportation fidelity and success probability for optimal performance of the teleportation protocol. To this end, we first derive a unified expression for the Wigner characteristic function describing three non-Gaussian states: photon-subtracted, photon-added, and photon-catalyzed two-mode squeezed vacuum states. We then utilize it to obtain the fidelity of teleportation for input coherent and squeezed vacuum states using the aforementioned non-Gaussian resource states. We optimize the product of the relative enhancement in fidelity and the probability of state preparation by tuning the transmissivity of the beam splitters involved in implementing non-Gaussian operations. This leads to a scenario that can be effectively implemented in a laboratory to enhance fidelity. It turns out that among all the non-Gaussian resource states considered, the symmetric one-photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum state is the most advantageous. We provide the associated optimal squeezing and beam splitter transmissivity values for the non-Gaussian resource states considered, which will be of significant interest to the experimental community. We also consider the effect of imperfect photon detectors on teleportation fidelity. Further, we expect the derived Wigner characteristic function to be useful in state characterization and other quantum information processing protocols.
We present a detailed phase-space analysis of continuous-variable quantum teleportation using a photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed Fock state (PS-TMSFS) as an entangled resource. We investigate the performance of PS-TMSFS within the Braunstein-Kimble teleportation protocol. The resource-state preparation is described and the success probability related to the photon-subtraction process is derived analytically. The Wigner characteristic function of PS-TMSFS is calculated and then employed to determine the fidelity for input Gaussian and non-Gaussian states. The dependence of the success probability and the teleportation fidelity on the squeezing parameter and the beam-splitter transmissivity is analyzed for both symmetric and asymmetric photon-subtraction scenarios. This results that the symmetric photon subtraction consistently outperforms the corresponding asymmetric configurations with the (2,2)(2,2)(2,2) configuration providing the highest teleportation fidelity among the considered PS-TMSFS resources. A significant improvement over the Gaussian two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) resource is observed for teleporting Gaussian input states, particularly in the low-squeezing regime, whereas the relative advantage for non-Gaussian input states depends on the functioning resource parameters and gradually diminishes as squeezing increases.
We study the continuous-variable (CV) quantum teleportation protocol in the case that one of the two modes of the shared entangled resource is sent to the receiver through a Gaussian Quantum Brownian Motion noisy channel. We show that if the channel is engineered in a non-Markovian regime, the information backflow from the environment induces an extra dependance of the phase of the two-mode squeezing of the shared Gaussian entangled resource on the transit time along the channel of the shared mode sent to the receiver. Optimizing over the non-Markovianity dependent phase of the squeezing yields a significant enhancement of the teleportation fidelity. For short enough channel transit times, essentially unit fidelity is achieved at realistic, finite values of the squeezing amplitude for a sufficiently large degree of the channel non-Markovianity.
In this work, we investigate the performance of non-Gaussian entangled resources in continuous-variable quantum teleportation within a realistic setting. We describe the characteristic functions of three distinct entangled resources, a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, a two-mode photon-subtracted squeezed state, and a two-mode photon-added squeezed state. We extend the theoretical analysis by Yang et al. to include the realistic experimental conditions such as photon losses, imperfect measurements which typically affect continuous-variable quantum teleportation. Our results demonstrate that even in non-ideal situations, the photon-subtracted squeezed state outperforms the other two resources in the low squeezing regime, keeping fidelity above the classical threshold that suggests the robustness of photon-subtracted squeezed state in practical teleportation applications. We further analyze the EPR correlations of these entangled resources, revealing that the photon-subtracted squeezed state exhibits stronger EPR correlations than the original two-mode squeezed vacuum state and the two-mode photon-added squeezed state. This study merges theoretical models with realistic imperfections and utilizes non-Gaussian entanglement into high-fidelity quantum teleportation.
Glauber's coherent state is denoted by ∣α⟩\ketα∣α⟩ and its two-mode extension is represented by ∣α,β⟩\ket{α,β}∣α,β⟩. In this work, we introduce a two-mode superposition operator A=tab+ra†b†A=tab+ra^\dagger b^\daggerA=tab+ra†b†, whose action on the two-mode coherent state produces the two-mode coherent superposed quantum state ∣ψ⟩=(tab+ra†b†)∣α,β⟩\ketψ=(tab+ra^\dagger b^\dagger)\ket{α,β}∣ψ⟩=(tab+ra†b†)∣α,β⟩. We investigate the nonclassicality and quantum non-Gaussianity of this state by means of the Wigner distribution and Wigner logarithmic negativity. Once its intrinsic nonclassical and non-Gaussian structure is established, the state is employed as the entangled resource in the Braunstein-Kimble continuous-variable (CV) teleportation protocol. We compute the ideal teleportation fidelity for coherent and squeezed inputs and analyze how the strengths of nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity influence the teleportation efficiency. Our results identify specific parameter regimes where enhanced non-Gaussian features or increased nonclassicality enable fidelities beyond the classical threshold, thereby revealing the operational significance of engineered two-mode quantum states in CV quantum information processing.
Quantum teleportation (QT) over satellite-based free-space optical (FSO) channels is a promising approach for long-distance quantum communication. However, its performance is significantly degraded by atmospheric loss and turbulence. In this paper, we investigate continuous-variable (CV) QT in a dual-downlink scenario, where a satellite distributes entangled states to two ground stations. To mitigate channel-induced degradation, we employ a non-Gaussian entanglement distillation protocol based on the sequential application of photon addition and photon subtraction (PA-PS) on the weaker channel. The results show that the proposed scheme improves teleportation fidelity by up to 7.7% and enhances entanglement negativity by approximately 105% in the low-to-moderate (below 600 km) loss regime. In addition, we identify an optimal squeezing parameter that balances entanglement strength and noise sensitivity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of PA-PS distillation for improving CV quantum communication in realistic satellite networks. We further characterize the trade-off between fidelity gain and the heralded success probability of the protocol.