At both conceptual and applied levels, quantum physics provides new opportunities as well as fundamental limitations. We hypothetically ask whether quantum games inspired by population dynamics can benefit from unique features of quantum mechanics such as entanglement and nonlocality. For doing so, we extend quantum game theory and demonstrate that in certain models inspired by ecological systems where several predators feed on the same prey, the strength of quantum entanglement between the various species has a profound effect on the asymptotic behavior of the system. For example, if there are sufficiently many predator species who are all equally correlated with their prey, they are all driven to extinction. Our results are derived in two ways: by analyzing the asymptotic dynamics of the system, and also by modeling the system as a quantum correlation network. The latter approach enables us to apply various tools from classical network theory in the above quantum scenarios. Several generalizations and applications are discussed.
At both conceptual and applied levels, quantum physics provides new opportunities as well as fundamental limitations. We hypothetically ask whether quantum games inspired by population dynamics can benefit from unique features of quantum mechanics such as entanglement and nonlocality. For doing so, we extend quantum game theory and demonstrate that in certain models inspired by ecological systems where several predators feed on the same prey, the strength of quantum entanglement between the various species has a profound effect on the asymptotic behavior of the system. For example, if there are sufficiently many predator species who are all equally correlated with their prey, they are all driven to extinction. Our results are derived in two ways: by analyzing the asymptotic dynamics of the system, and also by modeling the system as a quantum correlation network. The latter approach enables us to apply various tools from classical network theory in the above quantum scenarios. Several generalizations and applications are discussed.
The laws of physics enter the doctrine of population dynamics through various interactions whereby energy and matter, or more broadly, information are exchanged between different species and between species and their natural environment. The dynamics then emerge as a continual process involving many such causal interactions. Quantum physics, on the other hand, shows that the coordination between different processes must obey certain rules. We hypothetically ask: Can this game of species benefit from unique features of quantum mechanics such as entanglement and nonlocality? Here we extend quantum game theory to analyze this question and demonstrate that in certain models describing ecological systems where several predators feed on the same prey, the strength of quantum entanglement between the various species has a profound effect on the asymptotic behavior of the system. For example, if there are sufficiently many predator species who are all equally correlated with their prey, they are all driven to extinction. These results were derived in two ways: by analyzing the asymptotic dynamics of the system, and also by modeling the system as a quantum correlation network, which enabled us to apply methods from network theory in the above scenarios. Several generalizations and applications are discussed.
By incorporating payoff matrix and population evolution of open systems and proposing density games, pioneering effort has been made to break the following two basic assumptions of evolutionary game theory over the past decades: the payoff from the game determines the reproductive rate of individuals, and the total population size remains constant by a variable called the death rate. On the other hand, most studies on strategic interactions in game theories consider independent individual strategies as the basic unit of analyses. This is in fact not always true in human interaction strategies. It has been unclear that how subjective non-independent species with strategic interactions in open dynamic systems evolve. In this paper, we create the new concept of hybrid quantum games, and propose an open quantum dynamic symbiosis model for exploring the evolution of this type of species under unclosed social settings. We show that the stability conditions of the model with non-independent strategic interactions are influenced by the specific symbiosis states, game payoff matrix and quantum entanglement. The stability conditions of the competition scenario are more stringent than those of the cooperation one. Our system dynamics simulation study demonstrates and verifies the dynamic changes for the population sizes of two different species in the theoretical model, on the basis of the stability conditions of the competition and cooperation scenarios. Our model combines quantum games, game payoff matrix and symbiosis equations organically, and can provide insights into competition, cooperation and symbiosis mechanisms in open systems with subjective non-independent strategies considered.
Quantum game theory is a multidisciplinary field which combines quantum mechanics with game theory by introducing non-classical resources such as entanglement, quantum operations and quantum measurement. By transferring two-player two-strategy (2 × 2) dilemma containing classical games into the quantum realm, dilemmas can be resolved in quantum pure strategies if entanglement is distributed between the players who use quantum operations. Moreover, players receive the highest sum of payoffs available in the game, which are otherwise impossible in classical pure strategies. Encouraged by the observation of rich dynamics of physical systems with many interacting parties and the power of entanglement in quantum versions of 2 × 2 games, it became generally accepted that quantum versions can be easily extended to N -player situations by simply allowing N -partite entangled states. In this article, however, we show that this is not generally true because the reproducibility of classical tasks in the quantum domain imposes limitations on the type of entanglement and quantum operators. We propose a benchmark for the evaluation of quantum and classical versions of games, and derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for a physical realization. We give examples of entangled states that can and cannot be used, and the characteristics of quantum operators used as strategies.
Quantum entanglement, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics characterized by non-local correlations between particles, has transcended its physical origins to inspire models in social sciences. This paper explores the metaphorical and formal applications of quantum entanglement in social scientific inquiry, focusing on decision theory, social connectivity, game theory, computational simulations, and collective behavior phenomena. By integrating mathematical formulations such as Bell states and deriving their extensions, we demonstrate how these concepts address classical limitations in modeling human irrationality and interconnectedness. A particular emphasis is placed on the Hundredth Monkey Effect, reinterpreted through entanglement to elucidate tipping points in cultural transmission. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature, this work argues for quantum-inspired frameworks as tools for enhanced predictive power in social dynamics, while acknowledging their primarily analogical nature. Implications for policy, education, and future empirical validation are discussed. Keywords: Quantum entanglement, Quantum social science, Decision theory, Collective consciousness, Hundredth Monkey Effect, Non-locality
Classical game theory is a powerful tool focusing on optimized resource distribution, allocation, and sharing in classical wired and wireless networks. As quantum networks are emerging as a means of providing true connectivity between quantum computers, it is imperative and crucial to exploit game theory for addressing challenges such as entanglement distribution and access, routing, topology extraction, and inference. Quantum networks provide the promising opportunity of employing quantum games owing to their inherent capability of generating and sharing quantum states. In addition, quantum games offer enhanced payoffs and winning probabilities, new strategies, and equilibria, which are unimaginable in classical games. Employing quantum game theory to solve fundamental challenges in quantum networks opens a new fundamental research direction necessitating inter-disciplinary efforts. In this article, we introduce a novel game-the-oretical framework for exploiting quantum strategies to solve – as an archetypal example – one of the key functionalities of a quantum network, namely, entanglement distribution. We compare quantum strategies with classical ones by showing the quantum advantages in terms of link fidelity improvement and latency decrease in communication. In the future, we will generalize our game framework to optimize entanglement distribution and access over any quantum network topology. We will also explore how quantum games can be leveraged to address other challenges like routing, optimization of quantum operations, and topology design.
We use the example of playing a 2-player game with entangled quantum objects to investigate the effect of quantum correlation. We find that for simple game scenarios it is classical correlation that is the central feature and that these simple quantum games are not sensitive to the quantum part of the correlation. In these games played with quantum objects it is possible to transform a game such as Prisoner's Dilemma into the game of Chicken. We show that this behavior, and the associated enhanced equilibrium payoff over playing the game with quantum objects in nonentangled states, is entirely due to the classical part of the correlation. Generalizing these games to the pure strategy 2-player quantum game where the players have finite strategy sets and a projective joint measurement is made on the output state produced by the players, we show that a given quantum game of this form can always be reproduced by a classical model, such as a communication channel. Where entanglement is a feature of the these 2-player quantum games the matrix of expected outcomes for the players can be reproduced by a classical channel with correlated noise.