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arXiv:2109.03588 · Annalen der Physik

Optical Nonreciprocity in Rotating Diamond with Nitrogen‐Vacancy Color Centers

Hongbo Huang, Jun‐Jie Lin, Yi‐Xuan Yao, Keyu Xia, Zhang‐qi Yin, Qing Ai

Published Aug 3, 2022• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract A method to realize optical nonreciprocity in rotating nano‐diamond with nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers is theoretically proposed here. Because of the relative motion of the NV center with respect to the propagating fields, the frequencies of the fields are shifted due to the Doppler effect. When the control and probe fields are incident to the NV center from the same direction, the two‐photon resonance still holds as the Doppler shifts of the two fields are the same. Thus, due to the electromagnetically‐induced transparency, the probe light can pass through the NV center nearly without absorption. However, when the two fields propagate in opposite directions, the probe light cannot effectively pass through the NV center as a result of the breakdown of two‐photon resonance.

DOI
10.1002/andp.202200157

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Abstract A method to realize optical nonreciprocity in rotating nano‐diamond with nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers is theoretically proposed here. Because of the relative motion of the NV center with respect to the propagating fields, the frequencies of the fields are shifted due to the Doppler effect. When the control and probe fields are incident to the NV center from the same direction, the two‐photon resonance still holds as the Doppler shifts of the two fields are the same. Thus, due to the electromagnetically‐induced transparency, the probe light can pass through the NV center nearly without absorption. However, when the two fields propagate in opposite directions, the probe light cannot effectively pass through the NV center as a result of the breakdown of two‐photon resonance.
Abstract The interaction of two orthogonally polarized beams and a diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) center sample is investigated. It is shown that applying a static magnetic field parallel to the propagation direction of the probe beam makes the diamond NV center sample a birefringent medium. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is attained under the assumption of specific parameters. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the magneto-optical rotation (MOR) can be manipulated by the control beam. Our results show that how a large and complete MOR can be obtained by adjusting the intensity of the magnetic field and the length of the diamond NV center sample.
Abstract The optical absorption spectrum of the hybrid system composed of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center coupled to the mechanical resonators is. investigated. Based on the pump-probe technology, the electronically induced transparency (EIT) is observed and the reasonable explanation for this transparency is given. We demonstrate that the position of the transparency is equal to the detuning difference. In addition, a completely new scheme to measure the coupling between the NV center and current carrying carbon nanotube mechanical resonator is obtained. Furthermore, an optical approach to measure the frequency of the vibrating graphene mechanical resonator is proposed. This work can provide some help for the application in the field of high-precision measurement and quantum information processing.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond are excellent quantum sensors possessing high sensitivity and nano-scale spatial resolution. Their integration in photonic structures is often desired, since it leads to an increased photon emission and also allows the realization of solid-state quantum technology architectures. Here, we report the fabrication of diamond nano-pillars with diameters up to 1000 nm by electron beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching in nitrogen-rich diamonds (type Ib) with [100] and [111] crystal orientations. The NV centers were created by keV-He ion bombardment and subsequent annealing, and we estimate an average number of NVs per pillar to be 4300 ± 300 and 520 ± 120 for the [100] and [111] samples, respectively. Lifetime measurements of the NVs’ excited state showed two time constants with average values of τ1 ≈ 2 ns and τ2 ≈ 8 ns, which are shorter as compared to a single color center in a bulk crystal (τ ≈ 10 ns). This is probably due to a coupling between the NVs as well as due to interaction with bombardment-induced defects and substitutional nitrogen (P1 centers). Optically detected magnetic resonance measurements revealed a contrast of about 5% and average coherence and relaxation times of T2 [100] = 420 ± 40 ns, T2 [111] = 560 ± 50 ns, and T1 [100] = 162 ± 11 μs, T1 [111] = 174 ± 24 μs. These pillars could find an application for scanning probe magnetic field imaging.
Controlling quantum coherence in light‐matter interaction is a key step for advanced ultra‐fast and quantum information technology. We theoretically consider a scheme to realize all‐optically induced photonic band gaps based on a standing wave electromagnetically induced transparency configuration which can be implemented with nitrogen‐vacancy color centers in diamond. For realistic material parameters the resulting band‐gap may be tuned via the coupling field to acquire reflectivities very close to unity and sufficiently large bandwidths.
Diamond color centers such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center have been extensively studied as a popular platform that enables quantum sensing and computing applications. For highly sensitive sensing NV ensembles have significantly stronger signals than individual NV centers and can create strong light fields, which are also essentially required by novel concepts that need a large sensing volume, such as cavity coupling and readout, laser threshold magnetometry and multi-pass geometries. On top of strong signals, low optical material losses are the other key consideration for these techniques, by means of low optical absorption of signal light and low birefringence of the diamond crystal. In this work, we study systematically the behavior of absorption in the NV emission range around 700nm and birefringence with increasing nitrogen- and NV-doping, as well as their behavior during NV creation via diamond growth, electron beam irradiation and annealing treatments. Absorption correlates with increased nitrogen-doping yet single substitutional nitrogen atoms (Ns0 or P1 centers) do not seem to be the direct absorber. The high nitrogen doping level in the growth leads to high absorption in the whole UV-Vis range, which is the main contributors to the high absorption at 700 nm. When treating the diamond for an enhanced NV concentration, ‘over irradiating’ the diamond with too high fluence is harmful in the sense of creating neutral vacancies that increase absorption at the wavelength range of interest. Opposite to the absorption, birefringence reduces with increasing nitrogen doping and shows better homogeneity. After-growth treatments show a minor and if any a positive (i.e. reducing) influence on diamond birefringence. Multiple crystal defect concentrations and their changes are identified via absorption spectroscopy during the material processing steps and thus we identify potential causes of absorption and birefringence. From this we suggest strategies to fabricate CVD diamonds with high NV density yet low absorption and low birefringence
Diamond nanocrystals containing highly photoluminescent color centers are attractive, nonclassical, and near-field light sources. For near-field applications, the size of the nanocrystal is crucial, since it defines the optical resolution. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers are efficiently created by proton irradiation and annealing of a nanodiamond powder. Using near-field microscopy and photon statistics measurements, we show that nanodiamonds with sizes down to 25 nm can hold a single NV color center with bright and stable photoluminescence.