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arXiv:2107.14777 · Physical Review A

Storing vector-vortex states of light in an intra-atomic frequency-comb quantum memory

Chanchal, G. P. Teja, Christoph Simon, Sandeep K. Goyal

Published Oct 29, 2021• 6 citations
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Abstract

Photons are a prominent candidate for long-distance quantum communication and quantum information processing. Certain quantum information processing tasks require storage and faithful retrieval of single photons, preserving the internal states of the photons. Here we propose a method to store orbital angular momentum and polarization states of light which facilitates the storage of the vector-vortex states in the intra-atomic frequency-comb-based quantum memory. We show that an atomic ensemble with two intra-atomic frequency combs corresponding to $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ transitions of similar frequency is sufficient for a robust and efficient quantum memory for vector-vortex states of light. As an example, we show that Cs and Rb atoms are good candidates for storing these internal modes of light.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.104.043713

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Photons are a prominent candidate for long-distance quantum communication and quantum information processing. Certain quantum information processing tasks require storage and faithful retrieval of single photons, preserving the internal states of the photons. Here we propose a method to store orbital angular momentum and polarization states of light which facilitates the storage of the vector-vortex states in the intra-atomic frequency-comb-based quantum memory. We show that an atomic ensemble with two intra-atomic frequency combs corresponding to \ensuremathΔm=\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\ensuremathΔm=\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi1 transitions of similar frequency is sufficient for a robust and efficient quantum memory for vector-vortex states of light. As an example, we show that Cs and Rb atoms are good candidates for storing these internal modes of light.
On-demand and efficient storage of photons is an essential element in quantum information processing and long-distance quantum communication. Most of the quantum memory protocols require bulk systems in order to store photons. However, with the advent of integrated photonic chip platforms for quantum information processing, on-chip quantum memories are highly sought after. In this paper, we propose a protocol for multimode photonic quantum memory using only a single-atom-cavity setup. We show that a single atom containing a frequency comb coupled to an optical cavity can store photons efficiently. Further, this scheme can also be used to store polarization states of light. As examples, we show that rubidium and cesium atoms coupled to nanophotonic waveguide cavities can serve as promising candidates to realize our scheme. This provides the possibility of a robust and efficient on-chip quantum memory to be used in integrated photonic chips.
Photonic quantum memory, such as an atomic frequency comb (AFC), is essential to make photonic quantum computation and long distance quantum communication scalable and feasible. In standard AFC the frequency of different atoms must be stable relative to each other which presents difficulties in realizing the quantum memory. Here we propose a quantum memory using an intra-atomic frequency comb which does not require frequency stabilization. We show that the transitions between two degenerate energy levels of a single atom can be used to construct the frequency comb. The spacing between the teeth of the comb is controlled by applying an external magnetic field. Since the frequency comb is constructed from individual atoms, these atoms can be used alone or in ensembles to realize the quantum memory. Furthermore, the ensemble based quantum memory with intra-AFC is robust against Doppler broadening which makes it useful for high-temperature quantum memory. As an example, we numerically show the intra-AFC in cesium atoms and demonstrate a photon echo which is essential for quantum memory.
Inherent spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), which manifest as polarization and spatial degrees of freedom (DOFs) of photons, hold a promise of large capability for applications in classical and quantum information processing. To enable these photonic spin and orbital dynamic properties strongly coupled with each other, Poincaré states have been proposed and offer advantages in data multiplexing, information encryption, precision metrology, and quantum memory. However, since the transverse size of Laguerre-Gaussian beams strongly depends on their topological charge numbers | l |, it is difficult to store asymmetric Poincaré states due to the significantly different light-matter interaction for distinct spatial modes. Here, we experimentally realize the storage of perfect Poincaré states with arbitrary OAM quanta using the perfect optical vortex, in which 121 arbitrarily selected perfect Poincaré states have been stored with high fidelity. The reported work has great prospects in optical communication and quantum networks for dramatically increased encoding flexibility of information.
We present a light-storage experiment in a praseodymium-doped crystal where the light is mapped onto an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition shaped into an atomic frequency comb. After absorption of the light, the optical excitation is converted into a spin-wave excitation by a control pulse. A second control pulse reads the memory (on-demand) by reconverting the spin-wave excitation to an optical one, where the comb structure causes a photon-echo-type rephasing of the dipole moments and directional retrieval of the light. This combination of photon-echo and spin-wave storage allows us to store submicrosecond (450 ns) pulses for up to 20 mus. The scheme has a high potential for storing multiple temporal modes in the single-photon regime, which is an important resource for future long-distance quantum communication based on quantum repeaters.
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A quantum memory is a key component for quantum networks, which will enable the distribution of quantum information. Its successful development requires storage of single-photon light. Encoding photons with spatial shape through higher-dimensional states significantly increases their information-carrying capability and network capacity. However, constructing such quantum memories is challenging. Here we report the first experimental realization of a true single-photon-carrying orbital angular momentum stored via electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold atomic ensemble. Our experiments show that the non-classical pair correlation between trigger photon and retrieved photon is retained, and the spatial structure of input and retrieved photons exhibits strong similarity. More importantly, we demonstrate that single-photon coherence is preserved during storage. The ability to store spatial structure at the single-photon level opens the possibility for high-dimensional quantum memories. Photonic quantum memories are necessary for quantum information networks and can be built using cold atomic gases. In this work, Ding et al. show the first storage and retrieval of single photons carrying orbital angular momentum using electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold rubidium ensemble.