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arXiv:2107.07306 · Journal of Modern Optics

A MATLAB-based modelling and simulation package for DPS-QKD

Anuj Sethia, Anindita Banerjee

Published Mar 2, 2022• 12 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an ingenious technology utilizing quantum information science for provable secure communication. However, owing to the technological limitations and device non-idealities it is important to analyse the system performance critically and carefully define the implementation security. With an acceleration in the commercial adoption of QKD, a simulation toolkit is requisite to evaluate the functional architecture of QKD protocols. We present a simulation framework to model practical implementation of differential phase shift (DPS) QKD. The detailed device-level modelling and analysis capabilities of the present toolkit based on Simulink and MATLAB have the potential to provide a universal toolkit for practical design and implementation of generalized QKD protocols. Further, the absence of any modelling framework for DPS QKD and its simplistic optical schematic made it an obvious choice for the authors. We are hopeful that this work will pave way for simulating other QKD protocols from the DPR family.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2022.2041752

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an ingenious technology utilizing quantum information science for provable secure communication. However, owing to the technological limitations and device non-idealities it is important to analyse the system performance critically and carefully define the implementation security. With an acceleration in the commercial adoption of QKD, a simulation toolkit is requisite to evaluate the functional architecture of QKD protocols. We present a simulation framework to model practical implementation of differential phase shift (DPS) QKD. The detailed device-level modelling and analysis capabilities of the present toolkit based on Simulink and MATLAB have the potential to provide a universal toolkit for practical design and implementation of generalized QKD protocols. Further, the absence of any modelling framework for DPS QKD and its simplistic optical schematic made it an obvious choice for the authors. We are hopeful that this work will pave way for simulating other QKD protocols from the DPR family.
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the information‐theoretical security of the of Differential Phase Shift (DPS) Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol, using efficient computational information geometric algorithms. The protocol was introduced for practical reasons, since the earlier QKD schemes were too complicated to implement in practice. The DPS QKD protocol can be an integrated part of current network security applications; hence its practical implementation is much easier with the current optical devices and optical networks. The proposed algorithm could be a very valuable tool to answer the still open questions related to the security bounds of the DPS QKD protocol. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential phase-shift (DPS) quantum key distribution (QKD) is a unique QKD protocol that is different from traditional ones, featuring simplicity and practicality. In this work, we simulated the DPS-QKD experiment conducted by (Liu et al., 2013), using OptiSystem 7. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first simulation work on DPS-QKD using a single photon source.We used a random number generator to get the phase modulation pattern of N=5, 7,9,11 and 13, while for the 3 and 15 pulse cases, the pattern adopted in the experiment was used. When the number of pulse (N) was 3, a quantum bit error rate (QBER) of 3.0%, which is lower than the minimum QBER of 4.12% required for unconditional security, was obtained. The key creation efficiency increases with the increase in the number of pulse up to 15, as it reaches 93.4% but at the expense of the increment in QBER. The result of our simulation is, on some aspect, in agreement with the experimental result. However, we were able to extend the transmission distance from 3 meter, as in the experiment, to 10 meter. The coincidence count obtained was also in total agreement with the one obtained from the experiment. The result of the average QBER indicated that increase in the pulse number N causes the QBER to raise up due to longer rise and fall time of phase modulation step which affect the MZ inference. Therefore, we suggest using a faster waveform generator with shorter rise and fall times will remarkably lower the QBER. Extending the transmission coverage to a longer distance while, at the same time reducing the QBER with full unconditional security will part of the future research.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is an innovative technology that exploits the laws of quantum mechanics to generate and distribute unconditionally secure shared key for use in cryptographic applications. However, QKD is a relatively nascent technology where real-world system implementations differ significantly from their ideal theoretical representations. In this paper, we introduce a modeling framework built upon the OMNeT++ discrete event simulation framework to study the impact of implementation nonidealities on QKD system performance and security. Specifically, we demonstrate the capability to study the device imperfections and practical engineering limitations through the modeling and simulation of a polarization-based, prepare and measure BB84 QKD reference architecture. The reference architecture allows users to model and study complex interactions between physical phenomenon and system-level behaviors representative of real-world design and implementation tradeoffs. Our results demonstrate the flexibility of the framework to simulate and evaluate current, future, and notional QKD protocols and components.
A unique quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, called DPS (differential-phase-shift) QKD, has been proposed and developed at NTT and Osaka University, which utilizes a coherent pulse train instead of individual photons as in traditional QKD protocols such as BB84. Its security is based on the fact that every phase difference of a highlyattenuated coherent pulse train cannot be fully measured. This protocol has features of simple setup, potential for a high key creation rate, and robustness against photon-number-splitting attack. This paper presents recent research activities on DPS-QKD.
Abstract Quantum technology can enable secure communication for cryptography purposes using quantum key distribution. Quantum key distribution protocol establishes a secret key between two users with security guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. To define the proper implementation of a quantum key distribution system using a particular cryptography protocol, it is crucial to critically and meticulously assess the device’s performance due to technological limitations in the components used. We perform simulations on the ANSYS Interconnect platform to study the practical implementation of these devices using distributed-phase-reference protocols: differential-phase-shift and coherent-one-way quantum key distribution. Further, we briefly describe and simulate some possible eavesdropping attempts, backflash attack, trojan-horse attack and detector-blinding attack exploiting the device imperfections. The ideal simulations of these hacking attempts show how partial or complete secret key can be exposed to an eavesdropper, which can be mitigated by the implementation of discussed countermeasures.