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arXiv:2107.04110 · Physical Review Research

Prospects for single-photon sideband cooling of optically trapped neutral atoms

Federico Berto, Elia Perego, Lucia Duca, Carlo Sias

Published Nov 11, 2021• 5 citations
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Abstract

We propose a cooling scheme for realizing single-photon sideband cooling on particles trapped in a statedependent optical potential.We develop a master rate equation from an ab initio model and find that in experimentally feasible conditions it is possible to reduce the average occupation number of the vibrational levels in one dimension by more than 90% by applying a frequency sweep on the cooling laser that sequentially cools all the motional states.Notably, this cooling scheme works also when a particle experiences a deeper trap in its internal ground state than in its excited state, a condition for which conventional single-photon sideband cooling does not work.In our analysis, we consider two cases: a two-level particle confined in an optical tweezer, and Li atoms confined in an optical lattice, and we find conditions for efficient cooling in both cases.The results from the model are confirmed by a full quantum Monte Carlo simulation of the system Hamiltonian.Our findings provide an alternative cooling scheme that can be applied in principle to any particle, e.g., atoms, molecules, or ions, confined in a state-dependent optical potential.

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.3.043106

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We propose a cooling scheme for realizing single-photon sideband cooling on particles trapped in a statedependent optical potential.We develop a master rate equation from an ab initio model and find that in experimentally feasible conditions it is possible to reduce the average occupation number of the vibrational levels in one dimension by more than 90% by applying a frequency sweep on the cooling laser that sequentially cools all the motional states.Notably, this cooling scheme works also when a particle experiences a deeper trap in its internal ground state than in its excited state, a condition for which conventional single-photon sideband cooling does not work.In our analysis, we consider two cases: a two-level particle confined in an optical tweezer, and Li atoms confined in an optical lattice, and we find conditions for efficient cooling in both cases.The results from the model are confirmed by a full quantum Monte Carlo simulation of the system Hamiltonian.Our findings provide an alternative cooling scheme that can be applied in principle to any particle, e.g., atoms, molecules, or ions, confined in a state-dependent optical potential.
We present an analytic and numerical study for realizing single photon sideband cooling in an ultracold sample of fermionic Lithium trapped in a periodic optical potential. We develop an analytical model and obtain a master equation for the bound level populations. The cooling sequence is simulated both with a laser at a fixed frequency and with a frequency sweep. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation is performed taking into account the full hyperfine spectrum of 6 ⁣^6\!6Li. We find that a gas of 6 ⁣^6\!6Li atoms loaded from a Magneto-Optical trap into a deep optical lattice can be cooled down to a 99%99\%99% occupancy of the lattice ground state after a 5mm single photon sideband cooling using the D1 line of Li.
Laser cooling of single atoms in optical tweezers is a prerequisite for neutral atom quantum computing and simulation. Resolved sideband cooling comprises a well-established method for efficient motional ground-state preparation, but typically requires careful cancellation of light shifts in so-called magic traps. Here, we study a novel laser cooling scheme which overcomes such constraints, and applies when the ground state of a narrow cooling transition is trapped stronger than the excited state. We demonstrate our scheme, which exploits sequential addressing of red sideband transitions via frequency chirping of the cooling light, at the example of 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr atoms and report ground-state populations compatible with recent experiments in magic tweezers. The scheme also induces light-assisted collisions, which are key to the assembly of large atom arrays. Our work enriches the toolbox for tweezer-based quantum technology, also enabling applications for tweezer-trapped molecules and ions that are incompatible with resolved sideband cooling conditions.
We report cooling of a single neutral atom to its three-dimensional vibrational ground state in an optical tweezer.After employing Raman sideband cooling for tens of milliseconds, we measure via sideband spectroscopy a three-dimensional ground-state occupation of about 90%.We further observe coherent control of the spin and motional state of the trapped atom.Our demonstration shows that an optical tweezer, formed simply by a tightly focused beam of light, creates sufficient confinement for efficient sideband cooling.This source of ground-state neutral atoms will be instrumental in numerous quantum simulation and logic applications that require a versatile platform for storing and manipulating ultracold single neutral atoms.For example, these results will improve current optical-tweezer experiments studying atom-photon coupling and Rydberg quantum logic gates, and could provide new opportunities such as rapid production of single dipolar molecules or quantum simulation in tweezer arrays.
Summary form only given. The preparation of quantum systems in pure states is a prerequisite for coherent control. In this context laser cooling of trapped particles to the ground state of the confining potential is a powerful tool for preparing e.g. ions for quantum logic. In particular sideband cooling has been demonstrated to be the most efficient technique, allowing to achieve more than 99% of occupation of the ground state of the trap. This cooling technique relies on two conditions: the Lamb-Dicke regime, and the strong confinement regime. This latter condition, which allows the spectral resolution of individual sidebands of the motion, is however a limitation on the cooling time. We propose a model for cooling single ions inside a trap as an alternative to sideband cooling. The scheme uses electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a /spl Lambda/-level scheme, where one of the transitions is dressed by a strong laser field. For detuning of the dressing laser, the absorption spectrum for the transition shows EIT when the cooling (probe) laser has detuning. Then, by tuning the cooling laser on the dark resonance (or EIT), for a suitable set of parameters and in the Lamb-Dicke regime the atoms are cooled to the ground state by the sideband transitions which are resonantly excited. The scheme achieves efficient ground state cooling and fast cooling rates using a continuous driving, instead of a pulsed one as in Raman sideband cooling schemes. An example is illustrated, where the average vibrational number is plotted as a function of the cooling time, and the final probability of occupation is plotted as a function of the vibrational state. This method may also be applied to reduce phase errors in coherent manipulations of trapped ions for quantum logic.
We clarify the optimal conditions for the protocol of Raman sideband cooling (RSC) of a single atom confined with a tightly focused far-off-resonant optical dipole trap (optical tweezers). The protocol ultimately pursues cooling to a three-dimensional ground state of the confining potential. We show that the RSC protocol has to fulfill a set of critical requirements for the parameters of cooling beams and the excitation geometry to be effective in a most general three-dimensional configuration and for an atom having initial temperature between the recoil and the Doppler bounds. We perform a numerical simulation of the Raman passage for an example of an 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb atom taking into account the full level structure and all possible transition channels.
We developed a resolved Raman sideband cooling scheme that can efficiently prepare a single optically trapped cesium (Cs) atom in its motional ground states. A two-photon Raman process between two outermost Zeeman sublevels in a single hyperfine state is applied to reduce the phonon number. Our scheme is less sensitive to the variation in the magnetic field than the commonly used scheme where the two outermost Zeeman sublevels belonging to the two separate ground hyperfine states are taken. Fast optical pumping with less spontaneous emission guarantees the efficiency of the cooling process. After cooling for 50 ms, 82% of the Cs atoms populate their three-dimensional ground states. Our scheme improves the long-term stability of Raman sideband cooling in the presence of magnetic field drift and is thus suitable for cooling other trapped atoms or ions with abundant magnetic sublevels.