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arXiv:2104.15044 · Quantum

Pulser: An open-source package for the design of pulse sequences in programmable neutral-atom arrays

Henrique Silvério, Sebastián Grijalva, Constantin Dalyac, Lucas Leclerc, Peter J. Karalekas, Nathan Shammah, Mourad Beji, Louis-Paul Henry, Loïc Henriet

Published Jan 24, 2022• 62 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Programmable arrays of hundreds of Rydberg atoms have recently enabled the exploration of remarkable phenomena in many-body quantum physics. In addition, the development of high-fidelity quantum gates are making them promising architectures for the implementation of quantum circuits.We present here P u l s e r , an open-source Python library for programming neutral-atom devices at the pulse level. The low-level nature of Pulser makes it a versatile framework for quantum control both in the digital and analog settings. The library also contains simulation routines for studying and exploring the outcome of pulse sequences for small systems.

DOI
10.22331/q-2022-01-24-629

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Programmable arrays of hundreds of Rydberg atoms have recently enabled the exploration of remarkable phenomena in many-body quantum physics. In addition, the development of high-fidelity quantum gates are making them promising architectures for the implementation of quantum circuits.We present here P u l s e r , an open-source Python library for programming neutral-atom devices at the pulse level. The low-level nature of Pulser makes it a versatile framework for quantum control both in the digital and analog settings. The library also contains simulation routines for studying and exploring the outcome of pulse sequences for small systems.
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Neutral atom arrays have emerged as a powerful platform for quantum science and technology. However, the intrinsic issue of atom loss places a fundamental limit on the maximum duration of uninterrupted coherent operation. In our group, we built a next-generation atom array experiment incorporating a mechanism for continuous, high-flux qubit replenishment that is compatible with simultaneous, uninterrupted coherent operation. Among the many engineering challenges we had to address throughout this effort was the development of an experiment control infrastructure for transparent orchestration of several concurrently operating subsystems, with support for very long run durations. In this thesis, we begin by introducing the experiment architecture and presenting the main scientific results. We then turn to the control system details, discussing both the current implementation and the potential future modifications. We introduce the nistreamer package - an open-source abstraction layer for scripted pulse sequence generation with National Instruments cards - which was developed as part of this effort and serves as the control system core. The versatile format of a lightweight package, simple Python API, and the absence of a strict sequence duration limit make it a powerful tool with potential value for other laboratories. Next, we summarize the evaluation results on using low-noise CMOS cameras for fast atom imaging. We conclude by discussing the remaining control infrastructure challenges and future development directions toward enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation with neutral atom arrays.
We present a versatile rf pulse control system that has been designed for multi-qubit quantum experiments. One instrument can be scaled to provide 32 channels of rf between 10 - 450 MHz. Synchronization can be achieved across multiple instruments. By using direct digital synthesis and custom control circuitry contained within a field-programmable gate array, sequences of transform-limited pulses can be produced. These have been used to carry out quantum gates that are able to meet fault-tolerant thresholds for single- and two-qubit gate fidelities, as published elsewhere. We have also extended the frequency to the gigahertz regime using additional mixers to address hyperfine transitions in atomic systems. The system uses an efficient memory management scheme and a low-latency communications protocol that allows pulse sequences to be updated in real-time. Together these can enable outcome-based algorithms such as quantum error correction to be executed. The system is fully programmable in C++, and other languages such as Python can be supported by the on-board CPU, offering a highly flexible platform for a wide variety of experimental systems, and has been proven in trapped-ion quantum information experiments.
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AtomTwin...jl is an open-source Julia package for developing and simulating quantum protocols, hardware configurations and building digital twins for neutral-atom quantum processors and related atomic quantum devices. AtomTwin operates between mathematical models and physical devices; modeling atoms, optical tweezers, laser fields, atomic motion, interactions, and noise processes natively from physical geometry and parameters, without requiring users to define Hamiltonians manually. The package provides hardware-level instruction sequences, high-performance solvers for coupled quantum and classical dynamics, and a ready-to-use model for ytterbium-171 atoms in an extensible framework designed to accommodate a greater variety of atomic species and hardware components in the future. This paper describes the software architecture, performance benchmarks against existing toolboxes, and a demonstrated end-to-end application: preparation of a logical Bell state in the [[4,2,2]][[4,2,2]][[4,2,2]] error-detecting code with four 171^{171}171Yb atoms in moveable tweezers.