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arXiv:2103.16814 · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

Novel Outage-Aware NOMA Protocol for Secrecy Fairness Maximization Among Untrusted Users

Sapna Thapar, Deepak Mishra, Ravikant Saini

Published Sep 8, 2020• 35 citations
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Abstract

Observing the significance of spectrally-efficient secure non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), this paper proposes a novel quality of service (QoS) aware secure NOMA protocol that maximizes secrecy fairness among untrusted users. Considering a base station (BS) and two users, a novel decoding order is designed that provides security to both users. With the objective of ensuring secrecy fairness between users, while satisfying their QoS requirements under BS transmit power budget constraint, we explore the problem of minimizing the maximum secrecy outage probability (SOP). Closed-form expression of pair outage probability (POP) and optimal power allocation (PA) minimizing POP are obtained. To analyze secrecy performance, analytical expressions of SOP for both users are derived, and individual SOP minimization problems are solved using concept of generalized-convexity. High signal-to-noise ratio approximation of SOP and asymptotically optimized solution minimizing this approximation is also found. Furthermore, global-optimal solution from secrecy fairness standpoint is obtained at low computational complexity, and tight approximation is derived to get analytical insights. Numerical results present useful insights on globally optimized PA which ensure secrecy fairness and provide performance gain of about 55.12%, 69.30%, and 19.11%, respectively, compared to fixed PA and individual users' optimal PAs. Finally, a tradeoff between secrecy fairness performance and QoS demands is presented.

DOI
10.1109/tvt.2020.3022560

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Observing the significance of spectrally-efficient secure non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), this paper proposes a novel quality of service (QoS) aware secure NOMA protocol that maximizes secrecy fairness among untrusted users. Considering a base station (BS) and two users, a novel decoding order is designed that provides security to both users. With the objective of ensuring secrecy fairness between users, while satisfying their QoS requirements under BS transmit power budget constraint, we explore the problem of minimizing the maximum secrecy outage probability (SOP). Closed-form expression of pair outage probability (POP) and optimal power allocation (PA) minimizing POP are obtained. To analyze secrecy performance, analytical expressions of SOP for both users are derived, and individual SOP minimization problems are solved using concept of generalized-convexity. High signal-to-noise ratio approximation of SOP and asymptotically optimized solution minimizing this approximation is also found. Furthermore, global-optimal solution from secrecy fairness standpoint is obtained at low computational complexity, and tight approximation is derived to get analytical insights. Numerical results present useful insights on globally optimized PA which ensure secrecy fairness and provide performance gain of about 55.12%, 69.30%, and 19.11%, respectively, compared to fixed PA and individual users' optimal PAs. Finally, a tradeoff between secrecy fairness performance and QoS demands is presented.
Spectrally-efficient secure non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has recently attained a substantial research interest for fifth generation development. This work explores crucial security issue in NOMA which is stemmed from utilizing the decoding concept of successive interference cancellation. Considering untrusted users, we design a novel secure NOMA transmission protocol to maximize secrecy fairness among users. A new decoding order for two users' NOMA is proposed that provides positive secrecy rate to both users. Observing the objective of maximizing secrecy fairness between users under given power budget constraint, the problem is formulated as minimizing the maximum secrecy outage probability (SOP) between users. In particular, closed-form expressions of SOP for both users are derived to analyze secrecy performance. SOP minimization problems are solved using pseudoconvexity concept, and optimized power allocation (PA) for each user is obtained. Asymptotic expressions of SOPs, and optimal PAs minimizing these approximations are obtained to get deeper insights. Further, globally-optimized power control solution from secrecy fairness perspective is obtained at a low computational complexity and, asymptotic approximation is obtained to gain analytical insights. Numerical results validate the correctness of analysis, and present insights on optimal solutions. Finally, we present insights on global-optimal PA by which fairness is ensured and gains of about 55.12%, 69.30%, and 19.11%, respectively are achieved, compared to fixed PA and individual users' optimal PAs.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has come to the fore as a spectrally efficient technique for fifth-generation networks and beyond. At the same time, NOMA faces severe security issues in the presence of untrusted users due to successive interference cancellation (SIC)-based decoding at receivers. In this paper, to make the system model more realistic, we consider the impact of imperfect SIC during the decoding process. Assuming the downlink mode, we focus on designing a secure NOMA communication protocol for the considered system model with two untrusted users. In this regard, we obtain the power allocation bounds to achieve a positive secrecy rate for both near and far users. Analytical expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) for both users are derived to analyze secrecy performance. Closed-form approximations of SOPs are also provided to gain analytical insights. Lastly, numerical results have been presented, which validate the exactness of the analysis and reveal the effect of various key parameters on achieved secrecy performance.
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can be combined with physical layer security technology to greatly improve spectral efficiency while tackling security issues for the Internet of Things (IoT) networks. This paper investigates the security performance in a fifth-generation (5G) downlink NOMA system with an untrusted user in the presence of imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). Analytical expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and connection outage probability (COP) are derived as performance metrics to evaluate the secrecy of the proposed system. In order to further improve the secrecy performance, we propose an optimal power allocation scheme based on two users' different quality of service (QoS) requirements and obtain a closed-form solution of the optimal parameter. Through numerical simulations and exhaustive search algorithm, we validate the correctness of the derived analytical results. It is proved that the proposed power allocation scheme can achieve the optimal secrecy performance.
Designing a secure non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system has recently sparked a lot of interest among researchers due to its competency over bandwidth utilization. This paper addresses the critical security issue that arises from the adoption of successive interference cancellation based decoding approach in a two-user untrusted NOMA scenario. With the objective of maximizing secrecy fairness between users, a joint optimization problem of power allocation and decoding order is investigated to maximize the minimum ergodic secrecy rate between users. The optimized solutions are obtained by proposing a low computational complexity iterative method. In addition, closed-form optimal solutions based on a tight approximation are presented. Finally, numerical simulations validate the key nontrivial analytical claims and demonstrate that substantial performance gain is achieved over existing benchmark schemes.
In order to resolve the security issues in 5G and future wireless networks, physical layer security (PLS) and cognitive radio (CR) technologies can be used with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to greatly improve spectrum efficiency (SE). However, privacy of information is a risk due to resource sharing in CR or NOMA. Protecting sensitive information in CR-inspired NOMA (CR-NOMA) transmissions is possible by utilizing PLS features, whilst NOMA makes use of channel property differences for bandwidth effectiveness. The objective of this work is to examine the level of secrecy achieved in a 5G overlay downlink CR-NOMA network when untrusted users encounter a Rayleigh fading channel. The analysis takes place in both imperfect and perfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) configurations. Additionally, we derive mathematical expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and, more significantly, the effective secrecy throughput (EST) of the proposed system in order to further improve the performance of users in both fading and non-fading scenarios. In addition, this work offers an optimal power allocation (PA) scheme that primarily considers the specific quality of service (QoS) requirements of two users. Subsequently, it determines the most favorable values for the PA factors in an effort to further improve the performance of secrecy. Furthermore, under perfect/imperfect SIC modes, this work presents the performance comparison between two untrusted users and the derived analytical closed-form expressions were verified via Monte Carlo models employing various channel characteristics.
This paper proposes a new design of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) under secrecy considerations. We focus on a NOMA system, where a transmitter sends confidential messages to multiple users in the presence of an external eavesdropper. The optimal designs of decoding order, transmission rates, and power allocated to each user are investigated. Considering the practical passive eavesdropping scenario where the instantaneous channel state of the eavesdropper is unknown, we adopt the secrecy outage probability as the secrecy metric. We first consider the problem of minimizing the transmit power subject to the secrecy outage and quality of service constraints, and derive the closed-form solution to this problem. We then explore the problem of maximizing the minimum confidential information rate among users subject to the secrecy outage and transmit power constraints, and provide an iterative algorithm to solve this problem. We find that the secrecy outage constraint in the studied problems does not change the optimal decoding order for NOMA, and one should increase the power allocated to the user whose channel is relatively bad when the secrecy constraint becomes more stringent. Finally, we show the advantage of NOMA over orthogonal multiple access in the studied problems both analytically and numerically.