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arXiv:2103.03904 · New Journal of Physics

Experimental test of fluctuation relations for driven open quantum systems with an NV center

Santiago Hernández-Gómez, Nicolas Staudenmaier, Michele Campisi, Nicole Fabbri

Published Apr 28, 2021• 33 citations

Abstract

Abstract The experimental verification of quantum fluctuation relations for driven open quantum system is currently a challenge, due to the conceptual and operative difficulty of distinguishing work and heat. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been recently proposed as a controlled test bed to study fluctuation relations in the presence of an engineered dissipative channel, in absence of work (Hernández-Gómez et al 2020 Phys. Rev. Res. 2 023327). Here, we extend those studies to exploring the validity of quantum fluctuation relations in a driven-dissipative scenario, where the spin exchanges energy both with its surroundings because of a thermal gradient, and with an external work source. We experimentally prove the validity of the quantum fluctuation relations in the presence of cyclic driving in two cases, when the spin exchanges energy with an effective infinite-temperature reservoir, and when the total work vanishes at stroboscopic times—although the power delivered to the NV center is non-null. Our results represent the first experimental study of quantum fluctuation relation in driven open quantum systems.

DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/abfc6a

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Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a compelling solid-state platform for quantum sensing due to their long coherence times, room-temperature operation, and optical spin readout. Several groups have recently demonstrated that NV centers, capable of running at room temperature, are practical for undergraduate laboratories. However, Stanford currently has no dedicated NV-center teaching lab for physics undergraduates. Here, I (1) design of the experimental apparatus and initially can build from existing resources at Stanford; (2) experimental validation of basic features of optical pumping, optical-microwave double resonance, magnetic sensitivity; (3) time variable quantum state preparation and detection using various optical and microwave pulse sequences to measure coherence times; (4) experimental design and validation of pulse sequences; (5) practical curriculum and syllabus for a 2-3 week laboratory in Physics 106. On the second front, I characterize a strongly interacting NV ensemble in diamond.

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