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arXiv:2101.01316 · Physical Review Letters

Tunable Single-Ion Anisotropy in Spin-1 Models Realized with Ultracold Atoms

Woo Chang Chung, Julius de Hond, Jinggang Xiang, Enid Cruz-Colón, Wolfgang Ketterle

Published Apr 23, 2021• 35 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Mott insulator plateaus in optical lattices are a versatile platform to study spin physics. Using sites occupied by two bosons with an internal degree of freedom, we realize a uniaxial single-ion anisotropy term proportional to (S^{z})^{2} that plays an important role in stabilizing magnetism for low-dimensional magnetic materials. Here we explore nonequilibrium spin dynamics and observe a resonant effect in the spin alignment as a function of lattice depth when exchange coupling and on-site anisotropy are similar. Our results are supported by many-body numerical simulations and are captured by the analytical solution of a two-site model.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.126.163203

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Mott insulator plateaus in optical lattices are a versatile platform to study spin physics. Using sites occupied by two bosons with an internal degree of freedom, we realize a uniaxial single-ion anisotropy term proportional to (S^{z})^{2} that plays an important role in stabilizing magnetism for low-dimensional magnetic materials. Here we explore nonequilibrium spin dynamics and observe a resonant effect in the spin alignment as a function of lattice depth when exchange coupling and on-site anisotropy are similar. Our results are supported by many-body numerical simulations and are captured by the analytical solution of a two-site model.
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Mott insulating ultracold gases possess a unique whole-atom exchange interaction which enables large quantum fluctuations between the Zeeman sublevels of each atom. By strengthening this interaction---either through the use of large-spin atoms or by tuning the particle-particle interactions via optical Feshbach resonance---one may enhance fluctuations and facilitate the appearance of the long-sought-after quantum spin liquid phase---all in the highly tunable environment of cold atoms. To illustrate the relationship between the spin magnitude, interaction strength, and resulting magnetic phases, we present and solve a mean-field theory for bosons optically confined to the one-particle-per-site Mott state, using both analytic and numerical methods. We find on square and triangular lattices for bosons of hyperfine spin f>2f>2f>2 that making the repulsive sss-wave scattering length through the singlet channel small---relative to the higher-order scattering channels---accesses a short-range resonating valence bond (s-RVB) spin liquid phase.
We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of two-component bosonic atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. In the Mott-insulating regime, the two-component bosonic system at unity filling can be described by the quantum spin XXZXXZXXZ model. The atoms are initially prepared in their lower spin states. The system becomes out of equilibrium by suddenly introducing spin-orbit coupling to the atoms. The system shows the relaxation and nonstationary dynamics, respectively, in the different interaction regimes. We find that the time average of magnetization is useful to characterize the many-body dynamics. The effects of even and odd numbers of sites are discussed. Our result sheds light on nonequilibrium dynamics due to the interplay between spin-orbit coupling and atomic interactions.
Spin squeezing in systems with single-particle control is a well-established resource of modern quantum technology. Applied in an optical lattice clock it can reduce the statistical uncertainty of spectroscopic measurements. Here, we consider dynamic generation of spin squeezing with ultra-cold bosonic atoms with two internal states loaded into an optical lattice in the strongly interacting regime as realized with state-of-the-art experiments using a quantum gas microscope. We show that anisotropic interactions and inhomogeneous magnetic fields generate scalable spin squeezing if their magnitudes are sufficiently small, but not negligible. The effect of nonuniform filling caused by hole doping, nonzero temperature, and external confinement is studied at a microscopic level demonstrating their limiting role in the dynamics and scaling of spin squeezing.
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Two-component coupled Bose gas in a 1D optical lattice is examined. In addition to the postulated Mott insulator and Superfluid phases, multiple bosonic components manifest spin degrees of freedom. Coupling of the components in the Bose gas within same site and neighboring sites leads to substantial change in the previously observed spin phases revealing fascinating remarkable spin correlations. In the presence of strong interactions it gives rise to unconventional effective ordering of the spins leading to unprecedented spin phases: site-dependent z-xz\textsf{-}xz-x spin configuration with tunable (by hopping parameter) proclivity of spin alignment along zzz. Exact analysis and Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) along with stochastic minimization on Entangled Plaquette State (EPS) bestow a unique and enhanced perspective into the system beyond the scope of mean-field treatment. The physics of complex intra-component tunneling and inter-component coupling and filling factor greater than unity are discussed.