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arXiv:2012.09747 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Resolving the two-dimensional axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model using transfer matrices

Yi Tao Hu, Patrick Charbonneau

Published Mar 25, 2021• 8 citations
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Abstract

Some features of the phase diagram of the two-dimensional axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model have long been debated. The extended structural correlations and long relaxation times associated with its Kosterlitz-Thouless phase indeed result in analytical and numerical treatments making contradictory predictions. Here, we introduce a numerical transfer matrix approach that bypasses these problems and thus clears up various ambiguities. In particular, we confirm the transition temperatures and the order of the transition to the floating incommensurate phase. Our approach motivates considering transfer matrices for solving long-standing problems in related models.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.103.094441

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Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Jan 19, 2006•36 citations
Some features of the phase diagram of the two-dimensional axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model have long been debated. The extended structural correlations and long relaxation times associated with its Kosterlitz-Thouless phase indeed result in analytical and numerical treatments making contradictory predictions. Here, we introduce a numerical transfer matrix approach that bypasses these problems and thus clears up various ambiguities. In particular, we confirm the transition temperatures and the order of the transition to the floating incommensurate phase. Our approach motivates considering transfer matrices for solving long-standing problems in related models.
The spin structure of an axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising (ANNNI) model in two dimensions (2D) is a renewed problem because different Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods predicted different spin orderings. The usual equilibrium simulation predicts the occurrence of a floating incommensurate (IC) Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) type phase, which never emerges in non-equilibrium relaxation (NER) simulations. In this paper, we first examine previously published results of both methods, and then investigate a higher transition temperature Tc1{T}_{c1}Tc1​ between the IC and paramagnetic phases. In the usual equilibrium simulation, we calculate the chain magnetization on larger lattices (up to $512\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}512$ sites) and estimate ${T}_{c1}\ensuremath{\approx}1.16J$ with frustration ratio $\ensuremath{\kappa}(\ensuremath{\equiv}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{2}/{J}_{1})=0.6$. We examine the nature of the phase transition in terms of the Binder ratio gL{g}_{L}gL​ of spin overlap functions and the correlation-length ratio $\ensuremath{\xi}/L$. In the NER simulation, we observe the spin dynamics in equilibrium states by means of an autocorrelation function and also observe the chain magnetization relaxations from the ground and disordered states. These quantities exhibit an algebraic decay at $T\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.17J$. We conclude that the two-dimensional ANNNI model actually admits an IC phase transition of the KT type.
To solve the controversy, regarding the existence of an analytic solution to the 1-D Ising model with nearest-neighbor (NN) and next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions in the presence of a magnetic field, we apply the transfer matrix method to solve the 1-D Ising model in the presence of a magnetic field, taking both NN and NNN interactions into account. We show that it is possible to write a transfer matrix only if the number of sites is even. Even in such a case, it is impossible to diagonalize the transfer matrix in an analytic form. Therefore, we employ a numerical method to obtain the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix. Moreover, the heat capacity, magnetization, and magnetic susceptibility versus temperature for different values of the competition factor (the ratio of NNN to NN interactions) are shown.
In this work we analyze the ground-state properties of the s=1/2 one-dimensional axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model in a transverse field using the quantum fidelity approach. We numerically determined the fidelity susceptibility as a function of the transverse field B_{x} and the strength of the next-nearest-neighbor interaction J_{2}, for systems of up to 24 spins. We also examine the ground-state vector with respect to the spatial ordering of the spins. The ground-state phase diagram shows ferromagnetic, floating, and 〈2,2〉 phases, and we predict an infinite number of modulated phases in the thermodynamic limit (L→∞). Paramagnetism only occurs for larger magnetic fields. The transition lines separating the modulated phases seem to be of second order, whereas the line between the floating and the 〈2,2〉 phases is possibly of first order.
An analytical expression for the boundary free energy of the Ising square lattice with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions is derived. The Ising square lattice with anisotropic nearest-neighbor ( J x and J y ) and isotropic next-nearest-neighbor ( J d ) interactions has an order-disorder phase transition at a temperature T = T c given by the condition e −2 J x / k b T c + e − 2 J y / k b T c + e −2( J x + J y )/ k b T c (2 − e −4 J d / k b T c ) = e 4 J d / k b T c . The critical line that separates the ordered (ferromagnetic) phase from the disordered (paramagnetic) phase is in excellent agreement with series expansion, finite scaling of transfer matrix and Monte Carlo results. For a vanishing next-nearest-neighbor interaction Onsager's famous result, i.e. sinh (2 J x / k b T c )sinh (2 J y / k b T c ) = 1, is recaptured.