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arXiv:2012.08708 · Physical Review A

Observation of spin-exchange dynamics between itinerant and localized Yb171 atoms

Kiyotaka Ono, Yoshiki Amano, Toshiya Higomoto, Yugo Saito, Yoshiro Takahashi

Published Apr 28, 2021• 16 citations
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Abstract

We report on the observation of the spin-exchange dynamics of $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms in the ground state ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$ and in the metastable state ${}^{3}{P}_{0}$. We implement the mixed-dimensional two-orbital system using near-resonant and magic-wavelength optical lattices, where the ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$ and ${}^{3}{P}_{0}$ atoms are itinerant in a one-dimensional tube and localized in three dimensions, respectively. By exploiting an optical Stern-Gerlach method, we observe the spin depolarization of the ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$ atoms induced by the spin-exchange interaction with the ${}^{3}{P}_{0}$ atom. Our work could pave the way to the quantum simulation of the Kondo effect.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.103.l041303

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Physical Review A•Oct 29, 2018•17 citations
We report on the observation of the spin-exchange dynamics of 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb atoms in the ground state 1S0{}^{1}{S}_{0}1S0​ and in the metastable state 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​. We implement the mixed-dimensional two-orbital system using near-resonant and magic-wavelength optical lattices, where the 1S0{}^{1}{S}_{0}1S0​ and 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ atoms are itinerant in a one-dimensional tube and localized in three dimensions, respectively. By exploiting an optical Stern-Gerlach method, we observe the spin depolarization of the 1S0{}^{1}{S}_{0}1S0​ atoms induced by the spin-exchange interaction with the 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ atom. Our work could pave the way to the quantum simulation of the Kondo effect.
We report on the investigation of the scattering properties between the ground state 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​ and the metastable state 3P0^{3}P_{0}3P0​ of the fermionic isotope of 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb. We measure the sss-wave scattering lengths in the two-orbital collision channels as aeg+=225(13)a0{a}_{eg}^{+}=225(13){a}_{0}aeg+​=225(13)a0​ and ${a}_{eg}^{\ensuremath{-}}=355(6){a}_{0}$, using clock transition spectroscopy in a three-dimensional optical lattice. The results show that the interorbital spin-exchange interaction is antiferromagnetic, indicating that 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb is a promising isotope for the quantum simulation of the Kondo effect with the two-orbital system.
We report on the experimental realization of a state-dependent lattice for a two-orbital fermionic quantum gas with strong interorbital spin exchange. In our state-dependent lattice, the ground and metastable excited electronic states of ^{173}Yb take the roles of itinerant and localized magnetic moments, respectively. Repulsive on-site interactions in conjunction with the tunnel mobility lead to spin exchange between mobile and localized particles, modeling the coupling term in the well-known Kondo Hamiltonian. In addition, we find that this exchange process can be tuned resonantly by varying the on-site confinement. We attribute this to a resonant coupling to center-of-mass excited bound states of one interorbital scattering channel.
We present measurements of three distinctive state-dependent wavelengths for the $^{1}S_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}P_{0}$ clock transition in 174Yb{}^{\text{174}}\text{Yb}174Yb atoms. Specifically, we determine two magic wavelengths at 652.281(21) and 542.50205(19)THz542.502\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}05(19)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{THz}542.50205(19)THz, where the differential light shift on the $^{1}S_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}P_{0}$ clock transition vanishes, and one tune-out wavelength at 541.8325(5)THz541.8325(5)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\text{THz}541.8325(5)THz, where the polarizability of the 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​ ground state exhibits a zero crossing. The two magic wavelengths are identified by spectroscopically interrogating cold 174Yb{}^{\text{174}}\text{Yb}174Yb atoms on the clock transition in a one-dimensional optical lattice. The ground-state tune-out wavelength is determined via a parametric heating scheme. With a simple empirical model, we then extrapolate the ground- and excited-state polarizability over a broad range of wavelengths in the visible spectrum.
We characterize interisotope interorbital interactions between atoms in the 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​ ground state and the 3P0^{3}P_{0}3P0​ metastable state in interacting Fermi-Fermi mixtures of 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb and 173Yb^{173}\mathrm{Yb}173Yb. We perform high-precision clock spectroscopy to measure interaction-induced energy shifts in a deep three-dimensional optical lattice and determine the corresponding scattering lengths. We find the elastic interaction of the interisotope mixtures $^{173}\mathrm{Yb}_{\mathrm{e}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}_{\mathrm{g}}$ and $^{173}\mathrm{Yb}_{\mathrm{g}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}_{\mathrm{e}}$ to be weakly attractive and very similar, while the corresponding two-body decay coefficients differ by more than two orders of magnitude. By comparing different spin mixtures we experimentally demonstrate the $\mathrm{SU}(2)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{SU}(6)$ symmetry of the elastic interactions. Furthermore, we measure the interorbital spin-exchange interaction in 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb and confirm its previously observed antiferromagnetic nature.
Whereas in the familiar Kondo effect the exchange interaction is dipolar, there are systems in which the exchange interaction is multipolar, as has been realized in a recent experiment. Here, we study multipolar Kondo effect in a Fermi gas of cold 173Yb^{173}\mathrm{Yb}173Yb atoms. Making use of different ac polarizabilities of the electronic ground state Yb(1S0)\mathrm{Yb}(^{1}\mathrm{S}_{0})Yb(1S0​) and the long-lived metastable state Yb∗(3P2){\mathrm{Yb}}^{*}(^{3}\mathrm{P}_{2})Yb∗(3P2​), it is suggested that the latter atoms can be localized and serve as a dilute concentration of magnetic impurities while the former ones remain itinerant. The exchange mechanism between the itinerant Yb and the localized Yb∗{\mathrm{Yb}}^{*}Yb∗ atoms is analyzed and shown to be antiferromagnetic. The quadrupole and octupole interactions act to enhance the Kondo temperature TK{T}_{K}TK​ that is found to be experimentally accessible. The bare exchange Hamiltonian needs to be decomposed into dipole (d)(\text{d})(d), quadrupole (q)(\text{q})(q), and octupole (o)(\text{o})(o) interactions in order to retain its form under renormalization group (RG) analysis, in which the corresponding exchange constants $({\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\text{d}},{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\text{q}}$, and ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\text{o}})$ flow independently. Numerical solution of the RG scaling equations reveals a few finite fixed points. Arguments are presented that the Fermi-liquid fixed point at low temperature is unstable, indicating that the impurity is overscreened, which suggests a non-Fermi-liquid phase. The impurity contributions to the specific heat, entropy, and the magnetic susceptibility are calculated in the weak coupling regime $(T\ensuremath{\gg}{T}_{K})$, and are compared with the analogous results obtained for the standard case of dipolar exchange interaction (the $s\ensuremath{-}d$ Hamiltonian).
A nuclear-spin-exchange interaction exists between two ultracold fermionic alkali-earth-metal-like atoms in the electronic 1S0{}^{1}{S}_{0}1S0​ state (ggg state) and 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ state (eee state) and is an essential ingredient for the quantum simulation of the Kondo effect. We study the control of this spin-exchange interaction for two atoms simultaneously confined in a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) tube, where the ggg atom is freely moving in the axial direction while the eee atom is further localized by an additional axial trap and behaves as a quasi-0D impurity. In this system, the two atoms experience effective 1D spin-exchange interactions in both even and odd partial-wave channels, whose intensities can be controlled by the characteristic lengths of the confinements via confinement-induced resonances (CIRs). In a previous work, we studied this problem with a simplified pure 1D model [Y. Cheng et al., Phys. Rev. A 96, 063605 (2017)]. In the present work, we go beyond that pure 1D approximation. We model the transverse and axial confinements by harmonic traps with finite characteristic lengths ${a}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ and az{a}_{z}az​, respectively, and exactly solve the quasi-1D--quasi-0D scattering problem between these two atoms. Using the solutions, we derive the effective 1D spin-exchange interaction and investigate the locations and widths of the even-odd wave CIRs for our system. It is found that when the ratio ${a}_{z}/{a}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ is larger, the CIRs can be induced by weaker confinements, which are easier to be realized experimentally. The comparison between our results and a recent experiment by L. Riegger et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 143601 (2018)] shows that the two experimentally observed resonance branches of the spin-exchange effect are due to an even-wave CIR and an odd-wave CIR, respectively. Our results are advantageous for the control and description of either the effective spin-exchange interaction or other types of interactions between ultracold atoms in quasi-(1+0)-dimensional systems.