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arXiv:2009.09421 · Photonics Research

Quantum information transfer between a two-level and a four-level quantum systems

Tianfeng Feng, Qiao Xu, Linxiang Zhou, Maolin Luo, Wuhong Zhang, Xiaoqi Zhou

Published Oct 14, 2022• 15 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum mechanics provides a disembodied way to transfer quantum information from one quantum object to another. In theory, this quantum information transfer can occur between quantum objects of any dimension, yet the reported experiments of quantum information transfer to date have mainly focused on the cases where the quantum objects have the same dimension. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme for quantum information transfer between quantum objects of different dimensions. By using an optical qubit-ququart entangling gate, we observe the transfer of quantum information between two photons with different dimensions, including the flow of quantum information from a four-dimensional photon to a two-dimensional photon and vice versa. The fidelities of the quantum information transfer range from 0.700 to 0.917, all above the classical limit of 2/3. Our work sheds light on a new direction for quantum information transfer and demonstrates our ability to implement entangling operations beyond two-level quantum systems.

DOI
10.1364/prj.461283

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Quantum mechanics provides a disembodied way to transfer quantum information from one quantum object to another. In theory, this quantum information transfer can occur between quantum objects of any dimension, yet the reported experiments of quantum information transfer to date have mainly focused on the cases where the quantum objects have the same dimension. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme for quantum information transfer between quantum objects of different dimensions. By using an optical qubit-ququart entangling gate, we observe the transfer of quantum information between two photons with different dimensions, including the flow of quantum information from a four-dimensional photon to a two-dimensional photon and vice versa. The fidelities of the quantum information transfer range from 0.700 to 0.917, all above the classical limit of 2/3. Our work sheds light on a new direction for quantum information transfer and demonstrates our ability to implement entangling operations beyond two-level quantum systems.
Quantum teleportation provides a disembodied way to transfer an unknown quantum state from one quantum system to another. However, all teleportation experiments to date are limited to cases where the target quantum system contains no prior quantum information. Here we propose a scheme for teleporting a quantum state to a quantum system with prior quantum information. By using an optical qubit-ququart entangling gate, we have experimentally demonstrated the new teleportation protocol -- teleporting a qubit to a photon preloaded with one qubit of quantum information. After the teleportation, the target photon contains two qubits of quantum information, one from the teleported qubit and the other from the pre-existing qubit. The teleportation fidelities range from 0.700.700.70 to 0.920.920.92, all above the classical limit of 2/32/32/3. Our work sheds light on a new direction for quantum teleportation and demonstrates our ability to implement entangling operations beyond two-level quantum systems.
Qudits with a large Hilbert space to host quantum information are widely utilized in various applications, such as quantum simulation and quantum computation, but the manipulation and scalability of qudits still face challenges. Here, we propose a scheme to directly and locally transfer quantum information from multiple atomic qubits to a single qudit and vice versa in an optical cavity. With the qubit-qudit interaction, our scheme can transfer quantum states efficiently and measurement-independently. In addition, this scheme can be extended to the non-local case, where a high-dimensional maximal entangled state with asymmetric particle numbers can be robustly generated for realizing long-distance quantum communication. Such an information interface for qubits and qudit may have enlightening significance for future research on quantum systems in hybrid dimensions.
Qudits with a large Hilbert space to host quantum information are widely utilized in various applications, such as quantum simulation and quantum computation, but the manipulation and scalability of qudits still face challenges. Here, we propose a scheme to directly and locally transfer quantum information from multiple atomic qubits to a single qudit and vice versa in an optical cavity. With the qubit–qudit interaction induced by the cavity, our scheme can transfer quantum states efficiently and measurement-independently. In addition, this scheme can robustly generate a high-dimensional maximal entangled state with asymmetric particle numbers, showing its potential in realizing an entanglement channel. Such an information interface for qubits and qudit may have enlightening significance for future research on quantum systems in hybrid dimensions.
Quantum entanglement is crucial for quantum information processing, prominently used in quantum communication, computation, and metrology. Recent studies have shifted toward high-dimensional entangled states, offering greater information capacity and enabling more complex applications. Here, we experimentally prepared a three-photon asymmetric maximally entangled state, comprising two two-dimensional photons and one four-dimensional photon. Using this state, we conducted a proof-of-principle experiment, successfully transferring a four-dimensional quantum state from two photons to another photon with fidelities ranging from 0.78 to 0.86. These results exceed theoretical limits, demonstrating genuine four-dimensional quantum state transfer. The asymmetric entangled state demonstrated here holds promise for future quantum networks as a quantum interface facilitating information transfer across quantum systems with different dimensions.
In recent years, there has been heightened interest in quantum teleportation, which allows for the transfer of unknown quantum states over arbitrary distances. Quantum teleportation not only serves as an essential ingredient in long-distance quantum communication, but also provides enabling technologies for practical quantum computation. Of particular interest is the scheme proposed by D. Gottesman and I. L. Chuang [(1999) Nature 402:390-393], showing that quantum gates can be implemented by teleporting qubits with the help of some special entangled states. Therefore, the construction of a quantum computer can be simply based on some multiparticle entangled states, Bell-state measurements, and single-qubit operations. The feasibility of this scheme relaxes experimental constraints on realizing universal quantum computation. Using two different methods, we demonstrate the smallest nontrivial module in such a scheme--a teleportation-based quantum entangling gate for two different photonic qubits. One uses a high-fidelity six-photon interferometer to realize controlled-NOT gates, and the other uses four-photon hyperentanglement to realize controlled-Phase gates. The results clearly demonstrate the working principles and the entangling capability of the gates. Our experiment represents an important step toward the realization of practical quantum computers and could lead to many further applications in linear optics quantum information processing.
Quantum entanglement is a fundamental resource for quantum information processing and is widely used in quantum communication, quantum computation and quantum metrology. Early research on quantum entanglement mainly focus on qubit states, but in recent years, more and more research has begun to focus on high-dimensional entangled states. Compared with qubit entangled states, higher-dimensional entangled states have a larger information capacity and the potential to realize more complex quantum applications. In this Letter, we have experimentally prepared a special high-dimensional entangled state, the so-called three-photon asymmetric maximally entangled state, which consists of two two-dimensional photons and one four-dimensional photon. Using this asymmetric maximally entangled state as a resource, we have also implemented a proof-of-principle quantum teleportation experiment, realizing the transfer of quantum information from two qubits to a single ququart. The fidelities of the quantum teleportation range from 0.79 to 0.86, which are well above both the optimal single-copy ququart state-estimation limit of 2/5 and maximal qutrit-ququart overlap of 3/4, thus confirming a genuine and nonclassical four-dimensional teleportation. The asymmetric entangled state realized here has the potential to be used as a quantum interface in future quantum networks, allowing quantum information transfer between quantum objects of different dimensions via the quantum teleportation protocol demonstrated in this work.