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arXiv:2009.03283 · Nanomaterials

Integrated Source of Path-Entangled Photon Pairs with Efficient Pump Self-Rejection

Pablo de la Hoz, Anton Sakovich, Alexander B. Mikhalychev, Matthew Thornton, Natalia Korolkova, Dmitri S. Mogilevtsev

Published Sep 30, 2020• 4 citations
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Abstract

We present a theoretical proposal for an integrated four-wave mixing source of narrow-band path-entangled photon pairs with efficient spatial pump self-rejection. The scheme is based on correlated loss in a system of waveguides in Kerr nonlinear media. We calculate that this setup gives the possibility for upwards of 100 dB pump rejection, without additional filtering. The effect is reached by driving the symmetric collective mode that is strongly attenuated by an engineered dissipation, while photon pairs are born in the antisymmetric mode. A similar set-up can additionally be realized for the generation of two-photon NOON states, also with pump self-rejection. We discuss the implementation of the scheme by means of the coherent diffusive photonics, and demostrate its feasibility in both glass (such as fused silica-glass and IG2) and planar semiconductor waveguide structures in indium phosphide (InP) and in silicon.

DOI
10.3390/nano10101952

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We present a theoretical proposal for an integrated four-wave mixing source of narrow-band path-entangled photon pairs with efficient spatial pump self-rejection. The scheme is based on correlated loss in a system of waveguides in Kerr nonlinear media. We calculate that this setup gives the possibility for upwards of 100 dB pump rejection, without additional filtering. The effect is reached by driving the symmetric collective mode that is strongly attenuated by an engineered dissipation, while photon pairs are born in the antisymmetric mode. A similar set-up can additionally be realized for the generation of two-photon NOON states, also with pump self-rejection. We discuss the implementation of the scheme by means of the coherent diffusive photonics, and demostrate its feasibility in both glass (such as fused silica-glass and IG2) and planar semiconductor waveguide structures in indium phosphide (InP) and in silicon.
Integrated photon-pair sources are fundamental building blocks of any quantum circuit. Spontaneous four-wave mixing in Si micro-resonators has already shown efficient on-chip generation of entangled photon pairs. However, owing to the substantially higher pump intensity, compared to that of the photon-pair signal, suppression of the pump requires rejection levels exceeding 100 dB. Besides strong pump suppression, narrow rejection bandwidth (<; 10 nm) is particularly important to allow short wavelength separation of the paired photons, thereby minimizing dispersion effects in the micro-ring that may reduce the efficiency of the nonlinear process. Implementing such pump-rejection filter on chip remains a challenge. Indeed, the only demonstration of photon-pair generation with on-chip pump rejection required cascading two identical chips, compromising the feasibility of the solution. The main reason for this is the limited rejection achieved by state-of-the-art on-chip Bragg filters. Ultra-high rejection has been demonstrated in actively controlled filters at the expense of increased insertion loss and a high complexity, due to the control of all the filters. Nevertheless, photon-pair generation with effective pump rejection in a single chip has not been demonstrated yet.
Dissipative quantum state engineering relies on designing the coupling of quantum systems to local environments. By tuning the coupling geometry and relative loss levels, it is possible to enact designed forms of loss capable to drive the system into a target final state [1] – [3] . Recently we have proposed a family of novel structures relying on dissipation into a common environment, which may be applied to generate entangled photon pairs [1] , photon-number squeezing [2] , act as robust multi-mode beam-splitters or equalizers [4] . These devices can be realized in the integrated form, and thus be a valuable resource for quantum information processing and optical quantum computation.
Production of entangled photon pairs is important in secure communication systems, quantum computing, and fundamental physics experiments. Achieving efficient generation of such photon pairs with low-loss parametric oscillators is a key objective in advancing integrated quantum technologies. However, spatially separating the generated photons while preserving their entanglement represents a significant technical challenge. In this work, we demonstrate nonlinear generation of correlated optical harmonics based on non-degenerate four-wave mixing with an optimally pumped optical microcavity with Kerr nonlinearity. The phase matching of the process is achieved with self-injection locked lasers producing parametric oscillation while locked to two different modes of the microresonator. This condition is reminiscent of slow-light technique developed for coherent atomic systems. The experimental design, utilizing counterpropagating light from two self-injection locked lasers, also effectively addresses the challenge of spatial separation of the generated harmonics. Additionally, we demonstrate correlation mediated by self injection locking and Kerr nonlinearity between the two lasers. We validate the theoretical predictions using two self-injection locked semiconductor lasers integrated with a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator with optimized spectral structure. ©2025 All Rights Reserved.
Production of entangled photon pairs is important in secure communication systems, quantum computing, and fundamental physics experiments. Achieving efficient generation of such photon pairs with low-loss parametric oscillators is a key objective in advancing integrated quantum technologies. However, spatially separating the generated photons while preserving their entanglement represents a significant technical challenge. In this work, we demonstrate nonlinear generation of correlated optical harmonics based on non-degenerate four-wave mixing with an optimally pumped optical microcavity with Kerr nonlinearity. The phase matching of the process is achieved with self-injection locked lasers producing parametric oscillation while locked to two different modes of the microresonator. This condition is reminiscent of slow-light technique developed for coherent atomic systems. The experimental design, utilizing counterpropagating light from two self-injection locked lasers, also effectively addresses the challenge of spatial separation of the generated harmonics. We validate the theoretical predictions using two self-injection locked semiconductor lasers integrated with a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator with optimized spectral structure.