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arXiv:2007.09587 · Physical Review A

Coherence measures with respect to general quantum measurements

Jianwei Xu, Lian-He Shao, Shao-Ming Fei

Published Jul 16, 2020• 41 citations
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Abstract

Quantum coherence with respect to orthonormal bases has been studied extensively in the past few years. Recently, Bischof, Kampermann, and Bru\ss{} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 110402 (2019)] generalized it to the case of general positive operator-valued measure (POVM) measurements. Such POVM-based coherence, including the block coherence as a special case, have significant operational interpretations in quantifying the advantage of quantum states in quantum information processing. In this work we first establish an alternative framework for quantifying the block coherence and provide several block coherence measures. We then present several coherence measures with respect to POVM measurements, and prove a conjecture on the ${l}_{1}$-norm related POVM coherence measure.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.012411

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Quantum coherence with respect to orthonormal bases has been studied extensively in the past few years. Recently, Bischof, Kampermann, and Bru\ss{} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 110402 (2019)] generalized it to the case of general positive operator-valued measure (POVM) measurements. Such POVM-based coherence, including the block coherence as a special case, have significant operational interpretations in quantifying the advantage of quantum states in quantum information processing. In this work we first establish an alternative framework for quantifying the block coherence and provide several block coherence measures. We then present several coherence measures with respect to POVM measurements, and prove a conjecture on the l1{l}_{1}l1​-norm related POVM coherence measure.
The tight frames can be regarded as a particular case of POVMs (positive operator-valued measures describing generalized measurements), namely the case when all the operators are rank-one. Each orthonormal basis is a tight frame, and every tight frame, after the embedding into a higher-dimensional space, is the orthogonal projection of an orthonormal basis. There exist several POVM-based definitions of coherence, and they are well-investigated. Our aim is to identify properties specific to the particular case of tight frames, and to look for some applications. All the POVM-based definitions use a Naimark extension. The frame-dependent coherence can be regarded as a particular case of POVM-based coherence, but it can be defined directly, without to use a Naimark extension. Its definition is a direct generalization of the basis-dependent ℓ 1 -norm of coherence, and it offers a more accurate description because we can use a frame containing several orthogonal bases. A quasi frame-independent definition of coherence for qubit systems is presented.
Coherence is a cornerstone of quantum theory and a prerequisite for the advantage of quantum technologies. In recent work, the notion of coherence with respect to a general quantum measurement, i.e., positive operator-valued measure (POVM), was introduced and embedded into a resource-theoretic framework that generalizes the standard resource theory of coherence. In particular, POVM-incoherent (free) states and operations were established. In this work, we explore features of this framework which arise due to the rich structure of POVMs compared to projective measurements. Moreover, we introduce a rigorous, probabilisitic framework for POVM-based coherence measures and free operations. This leads to the introduction of strongly monotonic resource measures that neatly generalize well-known standard coherence measures. Finally, we show that the relative entropy of POVM coherence is equal to the cryptographic randomness gain, providing an important operational meaning to the concept of coherence with respect to a general measurement.
Quantum coherence is a fundamental feature of quantum physics and plays a significant role in quantum information processing. By generalizing the resource theory of coherence from von Neumann measurements to positive operator-valued measures (POVMs), POVM-based coherence measures have been proposed with respect to the relative entropy of coherence, the l 1 norm of coherence, the robustness of coherence and the Tsallis relative entropy of coherence. We derive analytically the lower and upper bounds on these POVM-based coherence of an arbitrary given superposed pure state in terms of the POVM-based coherence of the states in superposition. Our results can be used to estimate range of quantum coherence of superposed states. Detailed examples are presented to verify our analytical bounds.
Quantum coherence is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics and an underlying requirement for most quantum information tasks. In the resource theory of coherence, incoherent states are diagonal with respect to a fixed orthonormal basis; i.e., they can be seen as arising from a von Neumann measurement. Here, we introduce and study a generalization to a resource theory of coherence defined with respect to the most general quantum measurements, i.e., to arbitrary positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs). We establish POVM-based coherence measures and POVM-incoherent operations that coincide for the case of von Neumann measurements with their counterparts in standard coherence theory. We provide a semidefinite program that allows us to characterize interconversion properties of resource states and exemplify our framework by means of the qubit trine POVM, for which we also show analytical results.
Quantum coherence, like entanglement, is a fundamental resource in quantum information. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in formulating resource theory of coherence from a broader perspective. The notions of block-coherence and POVM-based coherence have been established. Certain challenges, however, remain to be addressed. It is difficult to define incoherent operations directly, without requiring incoherent states, which proves a major obstacle in establishing the resource theory of dynamical coherence. In this paper, we overcome this limitation by introducing an alternate definition of incoherent operations induced via coherence measures and quantify dynamical coherence based on this definition. Finally, we apply our proposed definition to quantify POVM-based dynamical coherence.