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arXiv:2005.07116 · IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine

Detecting a Target With Quantum Entanglement

Giacomo Sorelli, Nicolas Treps, Frédéric Grosshans, Fabrice Boust

Published Dec 20, 2021• 10 citations
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Abstract

Over the last decade, research activity has focused on the use of quantum entanglement as a resource for remote target detection, i.e., on the design of a quantum radar. The literature on this subject uses tools of quantum optics and quantum information theory, and therefore, results are often obscure to radar engineers. This tutorial has been written with the purpose of removing this obscurity. As such, it contains a review of the main advances in quantum radar literature accompanied by a thorough introduction of the quantum optics background necessary for its understanding.

DOI
10.1109/maes.2021.3116323

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Over the last decade, research activity has focused on the use of quantum entanglement as a resource for remote target detection, i.e., on the design of a quantum radar. The literature on this subject uses tools of quantum optics and quantum information theory, and therefore, results are often obscure to radar engineers. This tutorial has been written with the purpose of removing this obscurity. As such, it contains a review of the main advances in quantum radar literature accompanied by a thorough introduction of the quantum optics background necessary for its understanding.
In the last decade a lot of research activity focused on the use of quantum entanglement as a resource for remote target detection, i.e. on the design of a quantum radar. The literature on this subject uses tools of quantum optics and quantum information theory, and therefore often results obscure to radar scientists. This review has been written with purpose of removing this obscurity. As such, it contains a review of the main advances in the quantum radar literature together accompanied by a thorough introduction of the quantum optics background necessary for its understanding.
Quantum radar has been proposed in the quantum information science literature as a novel approach to sensing that can offer a substantial gain over existing, classical sensors. In particular, a quantum radar based on quantum entanglement, termed quantum illumination radar, has been theoretically shown to demonstrate superiority over the optimal classical sensor, and there have been some experimental validation. However, all of the existing literature in the subject is in language, terminology and metrics that are completely unfamiliar (or relevant) to classical radar experts, and as a result there is understandable skepticism among the radar experts. This paper attempts to bridge the large gap between practical radar scientists and quantum information science (QIS) experts working in the field. We review the theoretical state-of-the-art in field and examine some of the claims in the literature in terms of metrics of relevance to radar detection, tracking and sensor fusion. We also discuss some possible technological routes to building such a radar across the electromagnetic spectrum.
Quantum radar serves to drastically improve the resolution of current radar technology using quantum phenomena. This paper will first review some of the proposed ideas and engineering designs behind both entanglement radar and coherent state radar design schemes. Entanglement radar is based on first entangling two photons, then sending one of the entangled photons out towards the target, and keeping the other one at home. A correlation between the two photons is analyzed to obtain information. Coherent state quantum radar relies on using coherent state photons and a quantum detection scheme in order to beat the diffraction limit. Based on the above, a proposed design concept to implement of a coherent state quantum radar is presented for simultaneously determining target range and azimuth/elevation angles.
This paper provides a detailed exploration of quantum radar technology, focusing on the generation, measurement, and theoretical analysis of quantum-correlated signals in both optical and microwave domains. We examine the mechanisms behind producing entangled signals and their application to improve radar sensitivity and accuracy in noisy environments. A review of key studies is presented, with emphasis on their experimental setups and the limitations that define the potential of quantum radar. By aggregating data on object detection range and analyzing global research trends through visualizations, including a bar chart and a world map, we illustrate the growing interest and research efforts in this domain. Our findings highlight the significant advancements and remaining challenges in developing practical quantum radar systems, as well as the worldwide collaboration driving progress in this cutting-edge field.
Quantum illumination (QI) and quantum radar have emerged as potentially groundbreaking technologies, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to revolutionise the field of remote sensing and target detection. The protocol, particularly in the context of quantum radar, has been subject to a great deal of aspirational conjecture as well as criticism with respect to its realistic potential. In this review, we present a broad overview of the field of quantum target detection focusing on QI and its potential as an underlying scheme for a quantum radar operating at microwave frequencies. We provide context for the field by considering its historical development and fundamental principles. Our aim is to provide a balanced discussion on the state of theoretical and experimental progress towards realising a working QI-based quantum radar, and draw conclusions about its current outlook and future directions.
Quantum radar is an alternative to classical radar for target detection. Quantum radar systems utilize a quantum physics term known as quantum entanglement for target detection, which has higher correlation that cannot be achieved by classical sources. The results of the quantum radar analysis have shown that employing a pair of entangled sources has an advantage about a 6 dB in target detection compared to the classical counterpart. These analyses have also been tested experimentally in both optical and microwave frequency domains. These experimental setups have shown that this supremacy level might be achieved under ideal conditions, but it is not possible with the current experimental setups. Nevertheless, employment of quantum physics laws is a new field of study for engineering discipline, with the development of measurement instruments researchers might reach this superiority level.