Abstract Quantum machine learning has emerged as an exciting and promising paradigm inside quantum technologies. It may permit, on the one hand, to carry out more efficient machine learning calculations by means of quantum devices, while, on the other hand, to employ machine learning techniques to better control quantum systems. Inside quantum machine learning, quantum reinforcement learning aims at developing ‘intelligent’ quantum agents that may interact with the outer world and adapt to it, with the strategy of achieving some final goal. Another paradigm inside quantum machine learning is that of quantum autoencoders, which may allow one for employing fewer resources in a quantum device via a training process. Moreover, the field of quantum biomimetics aims at establishing analogies between biological and quantum systems, to look for previously inadvertent connections that may enable useful applications. Two recent examples are the concepts of quantum artificial life, as well as of quantum memristors. In this Perspective, we give an overview of these topics, describing the related research carried out by the scientific community.
Abstract Quantum machine learning has emerged as an exciting and promising paradigm inside quantum technologies. It may permit, on the one hand, to carry out more efficient machine learning calculations by means of quantum devices, while, on the other hand, to employ machine learning techniques to better control quantum systems. Inside quantum machine learning, quantum reinforcement learning aims at developing ‘intelligent’ quantum agents that may interact with the outer world and adapt to it, with the strategy of achieving some final goal. Another paradigm inside quantum machine learning is that of quantum autoencoders, which may allow one for employing fewer resources in a quantum device via a training process. Moreover, the field of quantum biomimetics aims at establishing analogies between biological and quantum systems, to look for previously inadvertent connections that may enable useful applications. Two recent examples are the concepts of quantum artificial life, as well as of quantum memristors. In this Perspective, we give an overview of these topics, describing the related research carried out by the scientific community.
There is no doubt artificial intelligence and machine learning have been significantly modifying the scientific and technological landscape, as well as society at large, over the last decade. Search engines, autonomous cars, language and speech translators, as well as image classifiers are only some possibilities this discipline enables and there is certainly more to come in the near future. Significant research efforts have been dedicated in the direction of quantum computing, a topic that has been receiving ever-growing attention from governmental institutions, multinational companies, and academics. A scalable quantum computer could offer unprecedented computational capabilities, enabling a revolution in information processing and transmission. Among the various approaches, quantum machine learning has emerged as an utterly successful method to better control and understand quantum systems, benefitting from machine learning algorithms, while relying on quantum processors to accelerate machine learning tasks. When coupled with biomimetics, an area of science that aims at imitating biological systems in order to design more efficient artificial devices, quantum biomimetics arises as a novel field that bridges the gap between natural selection in bio systems and engineering processes in quantum devices with one ultimate goal: The replication of biological behaviors in quantum controllable systems, what we call “bioinspired quantum technologies”. We believe that this Special Issue will shed light on unexplored areas up to now, acting as the precursor for further exciting research in the field of bioinspired quantum technologies.
Abstract This article gives an overview and a perspective of recent theoretical proposals and their experimental implementations in the field of quantum machine learning. Without an aim to being exhaustive, the article reviews specific high‐impact topics such as quantum reinforcement learning, quantum autoencoders, and quantum memristors, and their experimental realizations in the platforms of quantum photonics and superconducting circuits. The field of quantum machine learning can be among the first quantum technologies producing results that are beneficial for industry and, in turn, to society. Therefore, it is necessary to push forward initial quantum implementations of this technology, in noisy intermediate‐scale quantum computers, aiming for achieving fruitful calculations in machine learning that are better than with any other current or future computing paradigm.
Quantum machine learning has emerged as a promising paradigm that could accelerate machine learning calculations. Inside this field, quantum reinforcement learning aims at designing and building quantum agents that may exchange information with their environment and adapt to it, with the aim of achieving some goal. Different quantum platforms have been considered for quantum machine learning and specifically for quantum reinforcement learning. Here, we review the field of quantum reinforcement learning and its implementation with quantum photonics. This quantum technology may enhance quantum computation and communication, as well as machine learning, via the fruitful marriage between these previously unrelated fields.
Quantum information technologies, on the one hand, and intelligent learning systems, on the other, are both emergent technologies that are likely to have a transformative impact on our society in the future. The respective underlying fields of basic research-quantum information versus machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI)-have their own specific questions and challenges, which have hitherto been investigated largely independently. However, in a growing body of recent work, researchers have been probing the question of the extent to which these fields can indeed learn and benefit from each other. Quantum ML explores the interaction between quantum computing and ML, investigating how results and techniques from one field can be used to solve the problems of the other. Recently we have witnessed significant breakthroughs in both directions of influence. For instance, quantum computing is finding a vital application in providing speed-ups for ML problems, critical in our 'big data' world. Conversely, ML already permeates many cutting-edge technologies and may become instrumental in advanced quantum technologies. Aside from quantum speed-up in data analysis, or classical ML optimization used in quantum experiments, quantum enhancements have also been (theoretically) demonstrated for interactive learning tasks, highlighting the potential of quantum-enhanced learning agents. Finally, works exploring the use of AI for the very design of quantum experiments and for performing parts of genuine research autonomously, have reported their first successes. Beyond the topics of mutual enhancement-exploring what ML/AI can do for quantum physics and vice versa-researchers have also broached the fundamental issue of quantum generalizations of learning and AI concepts. This deals with questions of the very meaning of learning and intelligence in a world that is fully described by quantum mechanics. In this review, we describe the main ideas, recent developments and progress in a broad spectrum of research investigating ML and AI in the quantum domain.
Artificial intelligence and quantum computing have both seen tremendous progress in recent years, opening up new avenues for accelerating scientific discovery. Classical machine learning has already proven to be useful for addressing challenges in quantum computation; and hardware progress is well underway towards the early fault-tolerant regime. On the other hand, the emerging field of quantum machine learning is aimed at utilizing the strengths of both computational paradigms, via the development of learning algorithms or models that benefit from running on quantum devices or from training on quantum data. We therefore argue that both of these paradigms stand to benefit substantially from each other. Here we review the most salient opportunities for machine learning in quantum computing, hoping to inspire a virtuous cycle through which both fields can mutually benefit.
Quantum information technologies, and intelligent learning systems, are both emergent technologies that will likely have a transforming impact on our society. The respective underlying fields of research -- quantum information (QI) versus machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) -- have their own specific challenges, which have hitherto been investigated largely independently. However, in a growing body of recent work, researchers have been probing the question to what extent these fields can learn and benefit from each other. QML explores the interaction between quantum computing and ML, investigating how results and techniques from one field can be used to solve the problems of the other. Recently, we have witnessed breakthroughs in both directions of influence. For instance, quantum computing is finding a vital application in providing speed-ups in ML, critical in our "big data" world. Conversely, ML already permeates cutting-edge technologies, and may become instrumental in advanced quantum technologies. Aside from quantum speed-up in data analysis, or classical ML optimization used in quantum experiments, quantum enhancements have also been demonstrated for interactive learning, highlighting the potential of quantum-enhanced learning agents. Finally, works exploring the use of AI for the very design of quantum experiments, and for performing parts of genuine research autonomously, have reported their first successes. Beyond the topics of mutual enhancement, researchers have also broached the fundamental issue of quantum generalizations of ML/AI concepts. This deals with questions of the very meaning of learning and intelligence in a world that is described by quantum mechanics. In this review, we describe the main ideas, recent developments, and progress in a broad spectrum of research investigating machine learning and artificial intelligence in the quantum domain.