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arXiv:2004.09429 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Closed-loop three-level charged quantum battery

Fu-Quan Dou, Yuan‐Jin Wang, Jianan Sun

Published Sep 3, 2020• 59 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum batteries are energy storage or extraction devices in a quantum system. Here, we present a closed-loop quantum battery by utilizing a circularly coupled three-state quantum system, and investigate its charging dynamics. The charging performance is greatly improved due to the existence of the third field in the system to form a closed-contour interaction. Through appropriately selecting the third control field, the maximum average power can be increased, even far beyond the ideal maximum power value of non-closed-loop three-level quantum battery. We study the effect of the global driving-field phase on the charging process and find that both the maximum extractable work (“ergotropy”) and the charging power vary periodically under different control fields, with a period of . Possible experimental implementation in nitrogen-vacancy spin is discussed as well.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/131/43001

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Quantum batteries are energy storage or extraction devices in a quantum system. Here, we present a closed-loop quantum battery by utilizing a circularly coupled three-state quantum system, and investigate its charging dynamics. The charging performance is greatly improved due to the existence of the third field in the system to form a closed-contour interaction. Through appropriately selecting the third control field, the maximum average power can be increased, even far beyond the ideal maximum power value of non-closed-loop three-level quantum battery. We study the effect of the global driving-field phase on the charging process and find that both the maximum extractable work (“ergotropy”) and the charging power vary periodically under different control fields, with a period of . Possible experimental implementation in nitrogen-vacancy spin is discussed as well.
A quantum battery (QB) is an energy storage and extraction device that is governed by the principles of quantum mechanics. Here we propose a three-level Dicke QB and investigate its charging process by considering three quantum optical states: a Fock state, a coherent state, and a squeezed state. The performance of the QB in a coherent state is significantly superior to that in a Fock or squeezed state. We show that the locked energy is positively related to the entanglement between the charger and the battery, and diminishing the entanglement increases the ergotropy. The role of quantum phase transitions in the charging process of the QB system is analyzed and we find that the behavior of maximum stored energy is jointly determined by ground and excited-state quantum phase transitions. We further demonstrate that, no matter what the initial state is, the stored energy can be completely extracted when NNN is small (N=10N=10N=10), far below the thermodynamic limit, and the charging power follows a behavior consistent with that of the stored energy.
Quantum batteries represent a new and promising technological application of quantum mechanics, offering the potential for enhanced energy storage and fast charging. In this work, we study a quantum battery composed of three two-level systems with XXZ coupling operating under open boundary conditions. We investigate the role played by ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic initial configurations on the charging dynamics of the battery. Two charging mechanisms are explored: static charging, where the battery interacts with a constant classical external field, and harmonic charging, where the field oscillates periodically over time. Our results demonstrate that static charging can be more efficient in the ferromagnetic case, achieving maximum energy due to complete population inversion between the ground and excited states. In contrast, harmonic charging excels in the antiferromagnetic case. By analyzing the stored energy and the average charging power in these two regimes, we highlight the impact of anisotropy on the performance of quantum batteries. Our findings provide valuable insights for optimizing quantum battery performance based on the system's initial state and coupling configuration, paving the way for the study of more efficient quantum devices for energy storage.
Quantum batteries are energy storage devices that satisfy quantum mechanical principles. How to improve the battery’s performance such as stored energy and power is a crucial element in the quantum battery. Here, we investigate the charging and discharging dynamics of a three-level counterdiabatic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage quantum battery via shortcuts to adiabaticity, which can compensate for undesired transitions to realize a fast adiabatic evolution through the application of an additional control field to an initial Hamiltonian. The scheme can significantly speed up the charging and discharging processes of a three-level quantum battery and obtain more stored energy and higher power compared with the original stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. We explore the effect of both the amplitude and the delay time of driving fields on the performances of the quantum battery. Possible experimental implementation in superconducting circuit and nitrogen-vacancy center is also discussed.
Abstract This study investigates the performance of a three-level quantum battery model, which aims to optimize the trade off between the high capacity of harmonic oscillators and the rapid charging of two-level systems. Utilizing a harmonic oscillator charger and a three-level holder, we analyze the impact of linear and quadratic driving protocols within an open quantum system framework. Our results show that linear driving yields a highly efficient charging process with an ergotropy to energy ratio near unity. On the other hands, the quadratic driving significantly enhances stored energy and peak charging power but introduces increased state mixedness that limits the extractable work. Furthermore, these findings highlight the necessity of balancing coupling strengths and driving nonlinearities to maximize the thermodynamic efficiency of the quantum battery.
This study investigates the dynamical behaviour of a two-cell (two-atom) quantum battery driven by a two-mode charging field. We explore the influence of varying interaction strengths on the system?s performance. This includes increasing the coupling between cells and charging fields, and cells themselves through a dipole interaction and Ising interaction along the z-axis. Additionally, the impact of environmental effects is examined by incorporating decay terms for both the charging fields and the cells. Our analysis focuses on key performance metrics such as stored energy, average power, ergotropy, energy fluctuations, and quantum speed limit time. The results reveal that the environment negatively impacts stored energy, power, and ergotropy, but leads to higher speed limits. Enhanced coupling between the charging fields and the cells improves the studied correlations, promoting efficient energy transfer and decreasing speed limit time. Increasing the coupling between the cells, either via the dipole or Ising interaction, generally exhibits a similar effect. This involves a decrease in maximum achievable energy storage, accompanied by the emergence of more erratic energy fluctuations.
We investigate the charging process of quantum battery (QB) systems in an extended Dicke model with both atomic interactions and an external driving field. We focus on the effects of the atomic interaction and the external driving field on the charging performance of the QB and find that the maximum stored energy of the QB has a critical phenomenon. We analyze the critical behavior and obtain the analytical expression of the critical atomic interaction. The dependence of the maximum stored energy, the energy quantum fluctuations, and the maximum charging power on the number NNN of the two-level systems are also discussed. In particular, for the maximum charging power, we obtain the quantum advantage of the QB, which approximately satisfies a superlinear scaling relation ${P}_{\text{max}}\ensuremath{\propto}{N}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$, where scaling exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ varies with the number NNN of the two-level systems. In the ultrastrong coupling regime, the atomic interaction can lead to faster battery charging, and the quantum advantage $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1.88$ can be achieved. While in the deep-strong coupling regime, the quantum advantage of the QB's maximum charging power is the same as that of the Dicke QB, i.e., $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1.5$.