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arXiv:2003.04906 · Physical Review Research

Multidimensional super- and subradiance in waveguide quantum electrodynamics

Fatih Dinç, Lauren E. Hayward Sierens, Agata M. Brańczyk

Published Oct 28, 2020• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We study the collective decay rates of multidimensional quantum networks in which one-dimensional waveguides form an intersecting hyperrectangular lattice, with qubits located at the lattice points.We introduce and motivate the dimensional reduction of poles (DRoP) conjecture, which identifies all collective decay rates of such networks via a connection to waveguides with a one-dimensional topology (e.g., a linear chain of qubits).Using DRoP, we consider many-body effects such as superradiance, subradiance, and bound states in continuum in multidimensional quantum networks.We find that, unlike one-dimensional linear chains, multidimensional quantum networks have superradiance in distinct levels, which we call multidimensional superradiance.Furthermore, we generalize the N -3 scaling of subradiance in a linear chain to d-dimensional networks.

DOI
10.1103/physrevresearch.2.043149

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We study the collective decay rates of multidimensional quantum networks in which one-dimensional waveguides form an intersecting hyperrectangular lattice, with qubits located at the lattice points.We introduce and motivate the dimensional reduction of poles (DRoP) conjecture, which identifies all collective decay rates of such networks via a connection to waveguides with a one-dimensional topology (e.g., a linear chain of qubits).Using DRoP, we consider many-body effects such as superradiance, subradiance, and bound states in continuum in multidimensional quantum networks.We find that, unlike one-dimensional linear chains, multidimensional quantum networks have superradiance in distinct levels, which we call multidimensional superradiance.Furthermore, we generalize the N -3 scaling of subradiance in a linear chain to d-dimensional networks.
This paper shows how super-superradiance in a waveguide scales with the number of atoms. Usually, superradiance occurs when atoms are separated by distances much smaller than their transition wavelengths, but in waveguide structures, this collective emission phenomenon can persists for even larger periodic separation. Moreover, in a waveguide, this collective decay can become even more superradiant, i.e., super-superradiant. Here, the authors prove that super-superradiance scales linearly with the qubit number, analogous to Dicke superradiance, but with a larger prefactor.
We develop a formalism for modelling exact time dynamics in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) using the real-space approach. The formalism does not assume any specific configuration of emitters and allows the study of Markovian dynamics fully analytically and non-Markovian dynamics semi-analytically with a simple numerical integration step. We use the formalism to study subradiance, superradiance and bound states in continuum. We discuss new phenomena such as subdivision of collective decay rates into symmetric and anti-symmetric subsets and non-Markovian superradiance effects that can lead to collective decay stronger than Dicke superradiance. We also discuss possible applications such as pulse-shaping and coherent absorption. We thus broaden the range of applicability of real-space approaches beyond steady-state photon transport.
When multiple quantum emitters couple to a common electromagnetic environment, interference in their collective radiative dynamics gives rise to superradiance and subradiance. In regimes where coherent interactions and collective dissipation compete, the microscopic many-body dynamics and quantum correlations among the emitters that underlie superradiance and subradiance are theoretically challenging and remain experimentally elusive, even though collective emission has been observed in many physical systems. Here, we realize a superconducting qubit array coupled to a common microwave waveguide that mediates collective dissipation, with simultaneous access to coherent interactions and microscopic measurements of many-body dynamics. Engineered qubit-waveguide couplings with tunable amplitude and phase enable control of collective interference and the resulting super- and subradiant states. Leveraging site-resolved control and readout, we directly observe the microscopic decay dynamics of multi-qubit states across different excitation manifolds and track the evolution of populations and tunable quantum correlations. We reveal collective decay in regimes beyond the ideal Dicke model, where strong qubit-qubit interactions stabilize superradiance and subradiance against local dephasing and reshape decay pathways through spatially and spectrally structured many-body eigenstates. Our results establish a flexible platform for exploring collective phenomena in many-body quantum optics and driven-dissipative approaches to robust quantum information processing.
We study the collective emission of a disordered array of N excited two-level atoms into a one-dimensional photonic waveguide. In the perfectly ordered case, where atoms are spaced by exact integer multiples of the wavelength, the system exhibits the characteristic superradiant burst with a peak emission rate scaling as N 2 . Using large-scale semiclassical simulations, we find that this key signature of superradiance remains asymptotically robust under strong spatial and spectral disorder, but also exhibits subtle finite-size scaling toward this limit. To explain our observations, we provide an analytical variational estimate for the maximal decay rate, which tightly bounds the numerical results and reveals how disorder shapes the collective decay. Specifically, we find that even in the presence of strong disorder, the spins tend to self-organize spontaneously according to their locations, which overall optimizes constructive interference effects and explains the emergence of mirror-asymmetric correlations in superradiant decay. These findings resolve important open questions regarding the existence and nature of superradiance in strongly disordered arrays and offer valuable insights for understanding collective quantum optical phenomena in realistic systems.
We study the collective decay of two-level emitters coupled to a nonlinear waveguide, for example, a nanophotonic lattice or a superconducting resonator array with strong photon-photon interactions. Under these conditions, a new decay channel into bound photon pairs emerges, through which spatial correlations between emitters are established by regular interference as well as interactions between the photons. We derive an effective Markovian theory to model the resulting decay dynamics of an arbitrary distribution of emitters and identify collective effects beyond the usual phenomena of super- and subradiance. Specifically, in the limit of many close-by emitters, we find that the system undergoes a supercorrelated decay process where all the emitters are either in the excited state or in the ground state but not in any of the intermediate states. The predicted effects can be probed in state-of-the-art waveguide QED experiments and provide a striking example of how the dynamics of open quantum systems can be modified by many-body effects in a nonharmonic environment.
The properties of coupled emitters can differ dramatically from those of their individual constituents. Canonical examples include sub- and super-radiance, wherein the decay rate of a collective excitation is reduced or enhanced due to correlated interactions with the environment. Here, we systematically study the properties of collective excitations for regularly spaced arrays of quantum emitters coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. We find that, for low excitation numbers, the modal properties are well-characterized by spin waves with a definite wavevector. Moreover, the decay rate of the most subradiant modes obeys a universal scaling with a cubic suppression in the number of emitters. Multi-excitation subradiant eigenstates can be built from fermionic combinations of single excitation eigenstates; such 'fermionization' results in multiple excitations that spatially repel one another. We put forward a method to efficiently create and measure such subradiant states, which can be realized with superconducting qubits. These measurement protocols probe both real-space correlations (using on-site dispersive readout) and temporal correlations in the emitted field (using photon correlation techniques).