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arXiv:2003.02711 · Physics Letters B

Exact overlaps in the Lieb-Liniger model from coordinate Bethe ansatz

Hui-Huang Chen

Published Jul 20, 2020• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In the paper [1], the authors developed a new method to compute the exact overlap formulas between integrable boundary states and on-shell Bethe states in integrable spin chains. This method utilizes the coordinate Bethe ansatz representation of wave functions and singularity property of the off-shell overlaps. In this paper, we use this new method to derive the formula for overlaps between the Lieb-Liniger Bethe states and the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) state. As a simple application this method, we obtained the overlaps between the Lieb-Liniger eigenstates and the free particle states with pair structure.

DOI
10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135631

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In the paper [1], the authors developed a new method to compute the exact overlap formulas between integrable boundary states and on-shell Bethe states in integrable spin chains. This method utilizes the coordinate Bethe ansatz representation of wave functions and singularity property of the off-shell overlaps. In this paper, we use this new method to derive the formula for overlaps between the Lieb-Liniger Bethe states and the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) state. As a simple application this method, we obtained the overlaps between the Lieb-Liniger eigenstates and the free particle states with pair structure.
Abstract The notion of a crosscap state, a special conformal boundary state first defined in 2d CFT, was recently generalized to 2d massive integrable quantum field theories and integrable spin chains. It has been shown that the crosscap states preserve integrability. In this work, we first generalize this notion to the Lieb-Liniger model, which is a prototype of integrable non-relativistic many-body systems. We then show that the defined crosscap state preserves integrability. We derive the exact overlap formula of the crosscap state and the on-shell Bethe states. As a byproduct, we prove the conjectured overlap formula for integrable spin chains rigorously by coordinate Bethe ansatz. It turns out that the overlap formula for both models take the same form as a ratio of Gaudin-like determinants with a trivial prefactor. Finally we study quench dynamics of the crosscap state, which turns out to be surprisingly simple. The stationary density distribution is simply a constant. We also derive the analytic formula for dynamical correlation functions in the Tonks-Girardeau limit.
Abstract We compute the exact overlaps between integrable boundary states and on-shell Bethe states for integrable spin chains. Our method is based on the coordinate Bethe Ansatz and does not rely on the “rotation trick” of the corresponding lattice model. It leads to a rigorous proof of the factorized overlap formulae in a number of cases, some of which were hitherto inaccessible to earlier methods. As concrete examples, we consider the compact XXX and XXZ Heisenberg spin chains, and the non-compact SL(2, ℝ) spin chain.
We present a ‘Gaudin-like’ determinant expression for overlaps of q -raised Néel states with Bethe states of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain in the non-zero-magnetization sector. The former is constructed by applying global U q ( sl 2 ) spin raising operators to the Néel state, the ground state of the antiferromagnetic Ising chain. The formulas presented are derived from recently-obtained results for the overlap of the Néel state with XXZ Bethe states (Brockmann et al , 2014 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 47 145003, Pozsgay, 2013 arXiv:1309.4593, Kozlowski and Pozsgay, 2012 J. Stat. Mech. P05021, Tsuchiya, 1998 J. Math. Phys. 39 5946). The determinants as well as their prefactors can be evaluated in the scaling limit of the XXZ spin chain to the Lieb–Liniger Bose gas. Within this limit a q -raised Néel state that contains finitely many down spins corresponds to the ground state of finitely many free bosons. This allows for a rigorous proof of the overlap formula of De Nardis et al (2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 033601) for Lieb–Liniger Bethe states and a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) state with an arbitrary even number of particles.
We consider the problem of computing the overlaps between the Bethe states of the XXZ spin-1/2 chain and generic states. We derive recursive formulas for the overlaps between some simple product states and off-shell Bethe states within the framework of the algebraic Bethe ansatz. These recursive formulas can be used to prove in a simple and straightforward way the recently obtained results for the overlaps of the Bethe states with the Néel state, the dimer state, and the q -deformed dimer state. However, these recursive formulas are derived for a broader class of states and represent a concrete starting point for the computation of rather general overlaps. Our approach can be easily extended to other one-dimensional Bethe ansatz integrable models.
To analyze integrable multiparticle systems in the thermodynamic limit, one typically confines the system to a large periodic box, ensuring that the Bethe wave function resides in the asymptotic regime of free motion. The resulting periodic boundary conditions give rise to a system of coupled nonlinear equations for particle momenta, known as the Bethe equations. Solving these equations requires constructing common eigenvectors for a family of commuting operators acting on the Hilbert space of an auxiliary spin chain. This approach, known as the coordinate Bethe ansatz, is grounded in the generalized Bethe hypothesis, which posits the coordinate-space structure of eigenstates. This chapter introduces the formalism of the coordinate Bethe ansatz and its algebraic underpinnings, including the role of the Bethe–Yang equation, permutation modules, and Specht modules. The chapter concludes by applying this framework to the Lieb–Liniger model for spin-1/2 particles, setting the stage for more advanced developments.
We specialize a recently-proposed determinant formula (Brockmann, De Nardis, Wouters and Caux 2014 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 47 145003 ) for the overlap of the zero-momentum Néel state with Bethe states of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain to the case of an odd number of downturned spins, showing that it is still of 'Gaudin-like' form, similar to the case of an even number of down spins. We generalize this result to the overlap of q -raised Néel states with parity-invariant Bethe states lying in a nonzero magnetization sector. The generalized determinant expression can then be used to derive the corresponding determinants and their prefactors in the scaling limit to the Lieb–Liniger (LL) Bose gas. The odd number of down spins directly translates to an odd number of bosons. We furthermore give a proof that the Néel state has no overlap with non-parity-invariant Bethe states. This is based on a determinant expression for overlaps with general Bethe states that was obtained in the context of the XXZ chain with open boundary conditions (Pozsgay 2013 arXiv: 1309.4593 , Kozlowski and Pozsgay 2012 J. Stat. Mech. P05021 , Tsuchiya 1998 J. Math. Phys. 39 5946 ). The statement that overlaps with non-parity-invariant Bethe states vanish is still valid in the scaling limit to LL which means that the Bose–Einstein condensate state (De Nardis, Wouters, Brockmann and Caux 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 033601 ) has zero overlap with non-parity-invariant LL Bethe states.