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arXiv:1402.1471 · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment

Overlaps ofq-raised Néel states with XXZ Bethe states and their relation to the Lieb–Liniger Bose gas

Michael Brockmann

Published May 12, 2014• 79 citations
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Abstract

We present a ‘Gaudin-like’ determinant expression for overlaps of q -raised Néel states with Bethe states of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain in the non-zero-magnetization sector. The former is constructed by applying global U q ( sl 2 ) spin raising operators to the Néel state, the ground state of the antiferromagnetic Ising chain. The formulas presented are derived from recently-obtained results for the overlap of the Néel state with XXZ Bethe states (Brockmann et al , 2014 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 47 145003, Pozsgay, 2013 arXiv:1309.4593, Kozlowski and Pozsgay, 2012 J. Stat. Mech. P05021, Tsuchiya, 1998 J. Math. Phys. 39 5946). The determinants as well as their prefactors can be evaluated in the scaling limit of the XXZ spin chain to the Lieb–Liniger Bose gas. Within this limit a q -raised Néel state that contains finitely many down spins corresponds to the ground state of finitely many free bosons. This allows for a rigorous proof of the overlap formula of De Nardis et al (2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 033601) for Lieb–Liniger Bethe states and a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) state with an arbitrary even number of particles.

DOI
10.1088/1742-5468/2014/05/p05006

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We present a ‘Gaudin-like’ determinant expression for overlaps of q -raised Néel states with Bethe states of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain in the non-zero-magnetization sector. The former is constructed by applying global U q ( sl 2 ) spin raising operators to the Néel state, the ground state of the antiferromagnetic Ising chain. The formulas presented are derived from recently-obtained results for the overlap of the Néel state with XXZ Bethe states (Brockmann et al , 2014 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 47 145003, Pozsgay, 2013 arXiv:1309.4593, Kozlowski and Pozsgay, 2012 J. Stat. Mech. P05021, Tsuchiya, 1998 J. Math. Phys. 39 5946). The determinants as well as their prefactors can be evaluated in the scaling limit of the XXZ spin chain to the Lieb–Liniger Bose gas. Within this limit a q -raised Néel state that contains finitely many down spins corresponds to the ground state of finitely many free bosons. This allows for a rigorous proof of the overlap formula of De Nardis et al (2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 033601) for Lieb–Liniger Bethe states and a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) state with an arbitrary even number of particles.
We specialize a recently-proposed determinant formula (Brockmann, De Nardis, Wouters and Caux 2014 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 47 145003 ) for the overlap of the zero-momentum Néel state with Bethe states of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain to the case of an odd number of downturned spins, showing that it is still of 'Gaudin-like' form, similar to the case of an even number of down spins. We generalize this result to the overlap of q -raised Néel states with parity-invariant Bethe states lying in a nonzero magnetization sector. The generalized determinant expression can then be used to derive the corresponding determinants and their prefactors in the scaling limit to the Lieb–Liniger (LL) Bose gas. The odd number of down spins directly translates to an odd number of bosons. We furthermore give a proof that the Néel state has no overlap with non-parity-invariant Bethe states. This is based on a determinant expression for overlaps with general Bethe states that was obtained in the context of the XXZ chain with open boundary conditions (Pozsgay 2013 arXiv: 1309.4593 , Kozlowski and Pozsgay 2012 J. Stat. Mech. P05021 , Tsuchiya 1998 J. Math. Phys. 39 5946 ). The statement that overlaps with non-parity-invariant Bethe states vanish is still valid in the scaling limit to LL which means that the Bose–Einstein condensate state (De Nardis, Wouters, Brockmann and Caux 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 033601 ) has zero overlap with non-parity-invariant LL Bethe states.
In the paper [1], the authors developed a new method to compute the exact overlap formulas between integrable boundary states and on-shell Bethe states in integrable spin chains. This method utilizes the coordinate Bethe ansatz representation of wave functions and singularity property of the off-shell overlaps. In this paper, we use this new method to derive the formula for overlaps between the Lieb-Liniger Bethe states and the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) state. As a simple application this method, we obtained the overlaps between the Lieb-Liniger eigenstates and the free particle states with pair structure.
Abstract We present a conjectured exact formula for overlaps between the Bethe states of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain and generic two-site states. The result takes the same form as in the previously known cases: it involves the same ratio of two Gaudin-like determinants, and a product of single-particle overlap functions, which can be fixed using a combination of the quench action and quantum transfer matrix methods. Our conjecture is confirmed by numerical data from exact diagonalization. For one-site states, the formula is found to be correct even in chains with odd length. It is also pointed out that the ratio of the Gaudin-like determinants plays a crucial role in the overlap sum rule: it guarantees that in the thermodynamic limit there remains no term in the quench action.
We present a conjectured exact formula for overlaps between the Bethe states of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain and generic two-site states. The result takes the same form as in the previously known cases: it involves the same ratio of two Gaudin-like determinants, and a product of single-particle overlap functions, which can be fixed using a combination of the quench action and quantum transfer matrix methods. Our conjecture is confirmed by numerical data from exact diagonalization. For one-site states, the formula is found to be correct even in chains with odd length. It is also pointed out that the ratio of the Gaudin-like determinants plays a crucial role in the overlap sum rule: it guarantees that in the thermodynamic limit there remains no O(1) term in the quench action.