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arXiv:2003.01981 · Physical Review A

Interaction-induced instability and chaos in the photoassociative stimulated Raman adiabatic passage from atomic to molecular Bose-Einstein condensates

Amit Dey, Amichay Vardi

Published May 18, 2020• 6 citations
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Abstract

We study the effect of interactions on the conversion of atomic-to-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Both energetic instability during avoided crossings and dynamical instability during chaotic intervals limit adiabaticity and impose low sweep-rate boundaries on the efficiency of the process. For the diabatic traverse of avoided crossings, we find a reciprocal power-law dependence of the final unconverted population on sweep rate. For the traverse of chaos, we find a sharp low-rate boundary determined by the dynamical instability parameters. The interplay of these two mechanisms determines which instability controls the failure of molecular production. A judicious choice of sweep parameters is hence required to restore the process efficiency.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.101.053627

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Collective two-color photoassociation of a freely interacting 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate is theoretically examined, focusing on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) from an atomic to a stable molecular condensate. In particular, Drummond et al. [Phys. Rev. A. 65, 063619 (2002)] have predicted that particle-particle interactions can limit the efficiency of collective atom-molecule STIRAP, and that optimizing the laser parameters can partially overcome this limitation. We suggest that the molecular conversion efficiency can be further improved by treating the initial condensate density as an optimization parameter.
The process of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) provides a possible route for the generation of a coherent molecular Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) from an atomic BEC. We analyze this process in a three-dimensional mean-field theory, including atom-atom interactions and nonresonant intermediate levels. We find that the process is feasible, but at larger Rabi frequencies than anticipated from a crude single-mode lossless analysis, due to two-photon dephasing caused by the atomic interactions. We then identify optimal strategies in STIRAP allowing one to maintain high conversion efficiencies with smaller Rabi frequencies and under experimentally less demanding conditions.
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We investigate the conversion of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of a weakly interacting gas into a molecular BEC (MBEC) by Bose-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). This method of producing an MBEC does not experience large spontaneous losses while the condensate is in an excited electronic state, and it is robust with respect to small changes in the physical parameters. We show that the atomic interactions affect the quantum statistics of the resulting field, although they do not interfere with the production of the MBEC. We demonstrate that STIRAP is still feasible when we include the spatial degrees of freedom that cause the Bose-enhanced coupling rate to vary across the condensate. The complete conversion is destroyed by spatial effects unless the time scale of the coupling is much faster than the propagation time, which in practice requires submillisecond conversion.